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在侵权法中,法律关注受害人过错的目的就在于公平地确定侵权民事责任的分配,故受害人过错与免责事由及过失相抵联系密切。受害人过错,免责事由,过失想抵,三者的制度价值都在于限制侵权人责任的承担。然而,三者不能混为一谈。本文试图从理论比较与法律规定的角度,阐明三者间的区别,进而将三者联系起来,放在整个法律制度的框架中分析三者的运作。
In the Tort Law, the law focuses on the victim’s fault for the purpose of fairly determining the distribution of civil liability for infringement. Therefore, the victim’s fault is closely related to the cause of the disclaimer and the negligence of negligence. The fault of the victim, the reasons for exemption, the negligence of the victim, the system value of the three lies in the limitation of the responsibility of the infringer. However, the three can not be confused. This article attempts to clarify the differences between the three theories from the perspective of theoretical comparison and legal provisions, and then link the three together to analyze the operation of the three in the framework of the entire legal system.