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从思想史的角度,采取制度分层的思路从产权变迁的概念视角与行为主体特征两个维度可以将产权变迁理论归纳为逻辑相连的三代产权变迁理论。第一代产权变迁理论的核心逻辑是在仁慈政府假定下从财产形态变化的视角,用排他性权利的成本收益模型内生了产权变迁。第二代产权变迁理论的核心逻辑是通过将仁慈政府假定修正为自利政府,用新古典国家权力垄断模型内生了产权变迁。第三代产权变迁理论的核心逻辑是通过将产权变迁的概念视角从财产形态的变化转变为产权分布的变化,用政治权力博弈模型完善了内生产权变迁的政治逻辑。产权变迁的文化理论将是产权变迁理论变迁的下一个方向。本文通过引入具有事实政治权力和文化习性的“产权人”概念猜想了在第三代产权变迁理论中引入文化的思路。对应地,从经济史的角度结合改革的时代主题,我们也梳理了各代产权变迁理论在中国的变迁情况以及基于中国经验进行理论创新的机会。
From the perspective of the history of ideas, we should take the stratification of the system from two perspectives: the conceptual perspective of property rights transition and the characteristics of the behavioral main body, and the theory of property rights transition can be summarized as the logically linked three generations of property rights transition theory. The core logic of the first-generation theory of property rights transfer is that within the perspective of the benevolent government, from the perspective of changes in the form of property, endogenous ownership changes with the cost-benefit model of exclusive rights. The core logic of the second-generation theory of property rights change is that endowed with the neoclassical state power monopoly model endogenous property rights change by changing the benevolent government assumed as self-serving government. The core logic of the third generation property rights theory of change is to change the political logic of the change of property rights by changing the concept perspective of property rights from the change of property form to the distribution of property rights. The cultural theory of property rights change will be the next direction of property rights change theory. This article conjectures the idea of introducing culture into the theory of vicissitudes of property rights through the introduction of the concept of “property owner” with the factual political power and cultural habit. Correspondingly, from the perspective of economic history and the theme of the times of reform, we have also sorted out the changes in the vicissitudes of property rights in various generations in China and the opportunities for theoretical innovation based on China’s experience.