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转向市场经济的关键是物价改革。原苏联东欧各国中央集权是计划体制,造成了扭曲的价格体系。为了加速工业部门的发展,国家有意保持工业投入品特别是能源的低廉价格,原材料、能源和农副产品的价格长期偏低,很大一部分国民收入通过扭曲的价格转移到工业部门,为工业的资金积累和高速增长提供了优越的条件,但工业品与农产品,制成品与初级产品之间的剪刀差日益扩大,农业的发展受到严重阻碍,生产中不计成本,浪费原材料的现象越来越严重,材料和能源的消耗大大高于西方。到80年代,这种粗放的发展方式已难以为继,环境的严重退化和经济的停滞迫使人们实行经济改革。
The key to a market economy is price reform. The centralization of central SOEs in the former Soviet Union was a planned system that created a distorted price system. In order to accelerate the development of the industrial sector, the state intends to keep the prices of industrial inputs, especially energy, at a low price. The prices of raw materials, energy and agricultural and sideline products have long been on the low side. A large part of the national income is transferred to the industrial sector through distorted prices, Accumulation and rapid growth provided excellent conditions, but the industrial products and agricultural products, finished products and primary products scissors between the growing gap between the development of agriculture has been severely hindered, regardless of production costs, waste of raw materials is more and more serious, Consumption of materials and energy is much higher than in the West. By the 1980s, this extensive approach to development had been unsustainable. The serious environmental degradation and economic stagnation forced the people into economic reforms.