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本文关注清代中期普通民众的立嗣问题。笔者利用刑科题本等档案材料揭示立嗣规范与实践之间的巨大差距,包括立嗣双方亲缘关系的疏离复杂,立嗣继产时分割方式的多元变化及其背后嗣子年龄的低幼化分布、权利主体的多样性、家庭利益考量和经济因素影响;再利用笔记、方志、文集将清中期的具体情况置于社会演进的大背景下,纵向研究立嗣问题的传承与变迁,尝试探究其中的性别问题,立嗣与收养界限不断模糊,血缘观念日益淡化的历史进程。
This article focuses on the issue of establishing the common people in the mid-Qing Dynasty. The author uses criminal archives and other archival materials to reveal the huge gap between the norm and practice, including the alienation of the genetic relationship between the two parties, the multiple changes in the separation of birth and death, and the low age distribution of the heirs, the right The diversity of the main body, the consideration of family interests and the economic factors. Reusing the notes, the records of the chronicles, the anthology put the concrete conditions of the middle period of the Qing Dynasty under the background of social evolution and the longitudinal study of the inheritance and change of the heirs, trying to explore the gender issues , Juvenile and adoptive boundaries continue to blur, the concept of kinship is gradually dilute the historical process.