论文部分内容阅读
氮肥利用率是确定推荐施氮量和施氮效果评价的关键参数.本文通过黄土高原黄绵土区持续34年(1981—2015年)的长期定位试验,研究了长期不同施肥处理对氮肥当季利用率和累积利用率的影响及氮肥当季利用率与累积利用率的关系.结果表明:除试验起始年(1982)外,不同施肥处理对小麦、油菜和胡麻3种作物氮肥的当季利用率和累积利用率都有显著影响,其中小麦以氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理平均氮肥当季利用率最高,其次为氮磷配施(NP)处理,分别较单施氮肥(N)处理提高了77.7%和62.0%;油菜也以氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理平均氮肥当季利用率最高,其次为有机肥与氮磷钾配施(MNPK)处理,分别较单施氮肥处理提高了93.7%和65.6%.有机肥与氮肥配施(MN)处理氮肥当季利用率较单施氮肥(N)处理显著增加,而有机肥与氮磷配施(MNP)和氮磷钾配施(MNPK)处理氮肥当季利用率较相应氮磷配施(NP)和氮磷钾配施(NPK)处理明显降低.氮肥当季利用率与作物籽粒产量存在显著的线性正相关关系,而累积利用率与作物籽粒产量的相关关系不明显.表明与氮肥累积利用率相比,当季利用率能较及时地反映特定土壤肥力、作物种类、品种和环境条件下的肥料利用率特征.
Nitrogen utilization rate is the key parameter to determine the recommended nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application efficiency.This paper studied the long-term experiment of long-term fertilization on the seasonal utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in Loess Plateau for 34 years (1981-2015) And cumulative utilization ratio of nitrogenous fertilizer and the relationship between utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and cumulative utilization rate.The results showed that the seasonal utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer of three kinds of crops such as wheat, rapeseed and flax except the initial test year (1982) (P <0.05), and the cumulative utilization rate (P <0.05). Among them, the average utilization rate of NPK in wheat was the highest, followed by NP and NPK treatments, respectively, 77.7% and 62.0% respectively. The average utilization rate of NPK in rapeseed also had the highest utilization rate in the season, followed by the combination of organic manure and MNPK, 93.7% and 65.6% respectively.Compared with single application of nitrogen fertilizer (N), organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer application (MN) significantly increased the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the season, while the combination of organic manure with NPP and NPK MNPK) than the corresponding nitrogen and phosphorus application (NP) and NPK treatment (NPK) treatment significantly reduced the seasonal utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and crop grain yield there is a significant linear positive correlation between the cumulative utilization rate and the crop grain yield was not significant correlation shows that compared with the cumulative utilization of nitrogen fertilizer, seasonal Utilization rate can more timely reflect the characteristics of fertilizer use efficiency under specific soil fertility, crop species, variety and environmental conditions.