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长期以来,我国主要依靠廉价的劳动力成本在国际市场上获得比较优势。随着我国劳动力报酬的逐步提高,似乎对已有的劳动力优势形成了较大冲击。本文以单位产出劳动力成本(ULC)为基准,对2002年以来制造业劳动力成本的分析表明,金融危机之前我国劳动生产率增长快于劳动力报酬增长,金融危机之后劳动力优势开始削弱。同时,劳动报酬增长有利于降低企业离职率,稳定企业员工队伍。为应对今后可能面临的劳动力优势缺失现实,企业要以工资率增长为契机,加大人力资本投入,以自主创新获得综合竞争优势,加快由传统价格优势向自主创新品牌优势升级。
For a long time, China has mainly relied on cheap labor costs to gain comparative advantages in the international market. With the gradual increase of labor remuneration in our country, it seems that the existing labor force has formed a greater impact. Based on ULC, the paper analyzes the labor cost in manufacturing since 2002 and shows that before the financial crisis, the growth of labor productivity in our country was faster than that of labor force. The labor force began to weaken after the financial crisis. At the same time, the increase in labor remuneration will help reduce the turnover rate of enterprises and stabilize the workforce of enterprises. In order to cope with the reality that the labor force may face a reality in the future, enterprises should take the opportunity of wage rate growth as an opportunity to increase human capital investment to gain comprehensive competitive advantages through independent innovation and speed up the upgrade from the traditional price advantage to the independent innovation brand.