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孟子与卢梭身为不同时代、不同国籍、不同背景的思想家、教育家,两者的思想都不一而同地肯定人性善的主张,对两者人性观的考察有助于全面了解中外对人性的研究。本文从孟子和卢梭两方面进行分析,一方面从孟子的性善观出发,首先简要论述孟子性善中“善”的涵义;其次从人性本善和人性向善两方面论述孟子的性本善;最后分析孟子的性恶观以及产生恶的原因。另一方面,分析卢梭的性善观,首先分析卢梭性善的涵义,并从自然教育法、消极教育法、教育阶段论和社会契约论四个方面对卢梭性善观的应用进行介绍。最后比较孟子和卢梭性善观的异同点。
Mencius and Rousseau, as thinkers, educators and scholars of different ages, backgrounds and backgrounds, all affirm the proposition of good human nature. The investigation of their outlook on human nature helps to fully understand the differences between Chinese and foreign human beings Research. This article analyzes Mencius and Rousseau. On the one hand, starting from Mencius’ s concept of goodness, it first briefly discusses the meaning of “good ” in Mencius ’s goodness; second, discusses Mencius ’ s sexuality and goodness from two aspects: human nature and humanity; Analyze Mencius’s viewpoints of sex and evil as well as the causes of evil. On the other hand, this article analyzes Rousseau’s concept of goodness, first of all, analyzes the meaning of Rousseau’s goodness, and introduces the application of Rousseau’s concept of goodness from four aspects: the law of natural education, the law of negative education, the stage theory of education and the social contract. Finally, compare the similarities and differences between Mencius and Rousseau.