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准脆性固体的灾变破坏如地震、滑坡、地下工程的失效等给人类生产和生活带来了巨大影响,由于其非线性演化过程的复杂性,这类灾变破坏的触发机理与预测方法一直是困扰工程界和科学界的难题.我们在对固体灾变破坏中的几个基本问题:灾变破坏的机理、无序非均匀效应、局部化行为和响应量的前兆特征进行了阐述,并对其研究进展和研究现状进行了评述,分析了准脆性固体损伤的非线性演化和局部化、灾变破坏前兆研究面临的困难和机遇.
The catastrophic failure of quasi-brittle solids such as earthquakes, landslides and the failure of underground works have a huge impact on human production and life. Due to the complexity of its nonlinear evolution process, the triggering mechanism and prediction methods of such catastrophic failure have been troubling Engineering and the scientific community.We have described several basic problems of solid disaster damage, including the mechanism of catastrophic damage, the heterogeneous disorder, the localized behavior and the precursors of response, and the progress of its research And the status quo of research, the difficulties and opportunities in the study of nonlinear evolution and localization of quasi-brittle solid damage and precursors to disaster damage are analyzed.