论文部分内容阅读
流变学是研究复杂材料的流动和形变的科学。它所研究的材料既非胡克固体,亦非牛顿流体。这些材料被大量用于工业生产中,确定它们的流变性质有助于: (a)确定材料的用途; (b)如果这些材料需要加工,制定加工方法,加工仪器的设计,产量的估算及其控制; (c)加工前后的质量控制。这些复杂材料需要由许多物质函数来表征其流变性质,诸如剪切粘度,拉伸粘度,复粘度,弹性模量、屈服应力及触变性等。通常,这些函数之间没有简单的直接联系。在工业生产的一些具体问题中要确定有关的函数是比较困难的,它需要有流变学方面的知识。当今,在工业生产的实践中发展并逐步完善了确定材料性质的一些方法,而基础流变学的研究有助于对这些方法的合理性和局限性作出正确的估计。本文对流变学在:(i)高聚物加工(ii)润滑:两个技术领域的应用作了简单的介绍。
Rheology is a science that studies the flow and deformation of complex materials. The material it studies is neither Hooke solid nor Newtonian fluid. These materials are extensively used in industrial processes to determine their rheological properties and will help: (a) identify the uses of the material; (b) if these materials require processing, develop processing methods, design of processing equipment, production estimates, and Its control; (c) quality control before and after processing. These complex materials need to be characterized by many material properties such as shear viscosity, extensional viscosity, complex viscosity, elastic modulus, yield stress and thixotropy. Often, there is no simple direct relationship between these functions. It is difficult to determine the relevant function in some specific problems of industrial production, which requires rheological knowledge. Nowadays, some methods of determining the nature of materials are developed and gradually refined in the practice of industrial production, and the study of fundamental rheology helps to make a correct estimate of the rationality and limitations of these methods. Rheology in this paper: (i) polymer processing (ii) lubrication: the application of two technical areas made a brief introduction.