达到饱和的Ｘ射线激光器光频和红外波段工作的激光器在６０年代初期便已存在，但软Ｘ射线范围（＜３０ｎｍ）的激光至１９８４年才作演示。现在，欧洲和美国的两个研究组已实现２３．６ｎｍ和２０．６ｎｍ波长工作的饱和Ｘ射线激光运转。饱和是软Ｘ射线激光器的一个重要里... Saturating X-ray lasers Lasers operating in the optical and infrared bands existed in the early 1960s, but lasers in the soft X-ray range (<30 nm) were not demonstrated until 1984. Now two research groups in Europe and the United States have achieved saturation X-ray laser operation at 23.6 nm and 20.6 nm wavelengths. Saturation is an important part of soft X-ray lasers ...