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设计刚性主轴的主要内容之一是选择主轴参数。主轴参数确定的正确与否,对主轴的刚性将有很大的影响。在确定支承距时,通常引出一个悬伸比的概念,即支承距和悬伸长之比l/a。这个数值直接影响主轴的刚度。悬伸比选择过小,主轴受力后产生的挠度和支承处的倾角就会增大,影响主轴的工作性能。文献〔1〕对此问题已推荐了一种简易的计算方法。但是,当支承处采用单列球轴承时,可看成两个铰链支座,没有支承的反力矩;当支承处采用多个球轴承或滑动轴承时,产生支承反力矩,而其最大值为M=0.35Pa(图1)〔2〕。这样地简化也是符合多数刚性主轴的工作情况的。
One of the main topics in designing a rigid spindle is selecting the spindle parameters. Spindle parameters to determine the correct or not, the rigidity of the spindle will have a great impact. In determining the bearing distance, usually leads to a concept of overhang ratio, that is, the bearing distance and overhang length ratio l / a. This value directly affects the rigidity of the spindle. The overhang ratio selection is too small, the deflection generated by the spindle force and bearing at the inclination will increase, affecting the working performance of the spindle. Literature [1] has recommended a simple calculation method for this problem. However, when using a single row bearing ball bearings, can be seen as two hinge bearings, there is no bearing reaction torque; when the bearing with multiple ball bearings or sliding bearings, bearing reaction torque, and its maximum value of M = 0.35Pa (Figure 1) [2]. This simplification is also in line with the work of most rigid spindles.