目前,全世界有5%～15%的人口饱受尿石症的困扰,尿石症的复发率接近50%。无论是对个人还是对社会来说,尿石症的治疗费用都很高。急性肾绞痛是尿石症常见的临床表现。对尿石症的评估和治疗有一个基本的了解将有助于实践工作。尽管多数相关文献都是回顾性的,但我们将尽可能就尿石症的治疗总结出一篇循证综述,其中将引用现有的前瞻性随机对照试验。 At present, 5% to 15% of the world’s population is suffering from urolithiasis. The recurrence rate of urolithiasis is close to 50%. It is costly to treat urolithiasis, both for individuals and for the community. Acute renal colic is a common clinical manifestation of urolithiasis. A basic understanding of urolithiasis assessment and treatment will help to practice the work. Although most of the relevant literature is retrospective, we will summarize, whenever possible, an evidence-based review of the treatment of urolithiasis, which will cite the current prospective randomized controlled trials.