Bamboo shoot shell(BSS),a by-product from bamboo shoot processing industries,is a natural resource of cellulose. In this study,high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was employed to produce BSS cellulose nanofiber(CNF),and the structure was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HTTEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and ~(13) C nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR). Moreover,the structure and properties of CNF were compared with those of BSS insoluble dietary fiber(IDF). The results showed that CNF was in the form of a grid-like micro fiber,and its particle size was obviously reduced,while the crystallinity,thermal stability and solubility were increased. The results indicated that high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was an effective method to prepare the BSS CNF,which could be a promising biopolymer reinforced material. Bamboo shoot shell (BSS), a by-product from bamboo shoot processing industries, is a natural resource of cellulose. In this study, high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was employed to produce BSS cellulose nanofiber (CNF), and the structure was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Moreover, the structure and properties of CNF were compared with those of BSS insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). The results showed that CNF was in the form of a grid-like micro fiber, and its particle size was significantly reduced, while the crystallinity, thermal stability and solubility were increased. The results indicated that high-pressure homogenization assisted with acidolysis treatment was an effective method to prepare the BSS CNF, which could be a promising biopolymer reinfor ced material.