论文部分内容阅读
一、考纲解读
1. 考试说明。
（1）考试要求：阅读能力是语言学习最重要的能力之一。在外语学习过程中，阅读文章是我国学生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解的测试在试卷中占权重较大，约占整个卷面总分的27%（其中广东占30%）。
该部分要求考生读懂熟悉书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
①理解主旨要义
②理解文中具体信息
③根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义
④作出判断和推理
⑤理解文章的基本结构
⑥理解作者的意图、观点和态度
（2）试卷结构：试卷题目数、计分和时间安排如下：
阅读理解安排在第二部分，紧跟在听力之后，这是2014年由于将语法测试的单项填空题改为语篇型语法填空题后才做的调整，过去一直安排在完形填空题之后。本部分共两节，测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。
第一节：共15小题，每小题2分。要求考生根据所提供短文的内容（不少于900词），从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
第二节：共5小题，每小题2分。在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。
本部分所需时间约为35分钟。
2. 样题分析。
以2015年的高考英语试题作为样题是最具有参考价值的，从理论上讲，与2016年的高考题是最接近的。下面就对样题进行分析，以便大家了解命题规律和命题趋势。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21：00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers， by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis， by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers， there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering， Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells， and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotsword Canals， by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits - Thames Islands， by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book
More into：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Road， London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel： 020 77130836
21. When is the talk on James Brindley？
A. November 7th. B. March 6th. C. February 6th. D. December 5th.
22. What is the topic of the talk in February？
A. The Canal Pioneers.
B. Ice for the Metropolis.
C. Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands.
D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals.
23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames？
A. Chris Lewis. B. Malcolm Tucker.
C. Miranda Vickers. D. Liz Payne.
内容概要：本文讲述伦敦运河博物馆每月举办的演讲，主要介绍了11月，12月，2月和3月的演讲，涵盖演讲主题、演讲人介绍和讲演的内容。文章最后给出了运河博物馆的地址、网址和联系方式。
B
The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C（维生素 C），thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon）filled the weekend，but the best part — particularly to my taste，dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables — was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7∶00 am to 1 p.m.，rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries，the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck； and most of all，the tomatoes： amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes.
Disappointed by many a broken，vine-ripened（蔓上成熟的） promise，I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless. But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal — and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where — luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu，I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.
24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York？ A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.
25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile？
A. Having a swim.
B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the morning sun.
D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.
26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter？
A. They are soft. B. They look nice.
C. They taste great. D. They are juicy.
27. What was the author going to do that evening？
A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel.
C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables.
内容概要：文章主要讲述作者从纽约到弗罗里达州的萨塔索塔过冬，期间参观了格鲁夫农场，品尝了美味多汁的番茄，与纽约看似光鲜，实则干瘪无味的番茄形成鲜明对比，因此给作者留下了深刻的印象。
C
Salvador Dali （1904-1989） was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings， sculptures， drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces， most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938， works on paper， objects， and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning， the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities （无限）. “From the infinity small to the infinity large， contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus： amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration（合作） with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid， Spain， and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.
28. Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1？
A. Optimistic. B. Productive.
C. Generous. D. Traditional.
29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be？
A. One of his masterworks.
B. A successful screen adaptation.
C. An artistic creation for the stage.
D. One of the beat TV programmes.
30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali？ A. By popularity. B. By importance.
C. By size and shape. D. By time and subject.
31. What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to？
A. Donations. B. Projects.
C. Artworks. D. Documents.
内容概要：本篇文章主要介绍为纪念萨尔瓦多达利，这位世界最著名的现代艺术家，巴黎蓬皮社艺术中心展出他的200多幅绘画作品包括油画、雕像和素描。
D
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening， as on every Thursday night， psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes， coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers — some thirty Parisians who pay just under ￥2 （plus drinks） per session — care quick to intellectualize （高谈阔论），slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say‘one feels，’ or ‘people think’，” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed？It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself： It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years， Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle — longer working hours， a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology， history， and engineering are catching on， filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s“psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort， are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers， retirees， and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love， anger， and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication，” says Maurice Frisch， a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in nearby church. “Peaple have few real friends. And they need to open up”. Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives， these cafes wouldn’t exist，” she says. “If life weren’t a battle， people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then， it wouldn’t be France.
32. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope？
A. Learn a new subject
B. Keep in touch with friends.
C. Show off their knowledge.
D. Express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes？ A. They are less frequently visited.
B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They have bigger night crowds.
D. They start to serve fast food.
34. What are theme cafes expected to do？
A. Create more jobs. B. Supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business. D. Serve the neighborhood.
35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris？
A. They bring people true friendship.
B. They give people spiritual support.
C. They help people realize their dreams.
D. They offer a platform for business links.
内容概要：巴黎的La Chope咖啡馆是一家心理理疗咖啡馆，这家咖啡馆里提供专业的心理专家，在享受咖啡的同时，客人可以与心理学家畅所欲言，说出自己内心最真实的想法。法国人较长的工作时间，不健康的快餐饮食文化和年轻人宅文化都让人与人之间缺少实质的交流，这也促使了越来越多的心理理疗咖啡馆的应运而生。
第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately， we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from， lied to， misled， or cheated on， there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust any more. 37 It’s understandable， but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again， we have some steps you can take to get you there.
38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
39 If you’ve been betrayed， you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives， we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
You didn’t lose“everything”. Once trust is lost， what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead， it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
内容概要：人与人之间的信任非常重要，但是人们也常常遭受到背叛，而不再相信别人。介绍了有几种方法可以帮助人们重建信任。
3. 命题规律。
阅读理解部分共分两节：第一节是常见的四选一题型，共4篇短文，第二节为七选五题型，文章的长度与前面的四篇差不多。通过对近几年的高考试卷的分析，我们总结出以下五个规律：
规律一：阅读量大。
阅读理解总词汇量近两年来已经达到了1900多个单词，2013年以前，阅读的总词汇量在1800多个词，很明显，文章的长度有一定程度上的增加，这样传递的信息量更大，要求考生加快阅读速度，确保有效时间内最大限度地获取信息。
规律二： 体裁全面。
阅读文章的体裁基本上涵盖了记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。考查的重点除了获取细节或事实性信息外，还涉及到逻辑推理、概括总结和揣测作者的写作意图或观点态度等，注重对语篇整体意义、逻辑关系和内在连贯等综合阅读能力的把握。
规律三 ：题材广泛。
选材广泛，内容丰富，更多地关注与当今社会、生活、科技、文化、教育等相关的话题。话题涵盖日常生活、人物传记、风土人情、故事传说、社会文化、政治经济、科技发展、自然现象、新闻报道、体育活动、广告说明、书信通知、娱乐休闲等许多方面的内容。话题之丰富体现了高考对学生了解多元文化的要求，培养基本的跨文化交际的意识和能力。
规律四 ：材料新颖。
一般来说，几乎每一篇文章都来自英美等国的书刊报或知名的权威网站，内容新、语言地道，近几年选材更加生活化，文中含有一些英语国家的文化背景知识，更多地体现人文关怀、人生哲理、生活态度、跨文化交际、做事能力等，时代感和教育意义很强。重视热点问题，追踪科技前沿，具有浓厚的时代气息，使阅读活动更贴近实际生活。
规律五：偏重理解。
事实细节题和推理判断题在阅读理解里占有较大的比重，共约占阅读理解题的60%。尽管事实细节题比例很大，实际上也同样需要推理判断才能够得出具体的确切信息。近几年来，阅读理解题非常注重考生的语篇整体理解能力，如增加了“7选5”的逻辑结构题，考查考生综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力，符合课程标准和考试大纲的目标与要求。
4. 命题趋势。
高考命题整体上为“保持平稳，稳中有变”，就阅读理解而言，未来几年内题型仍然不会有变化，但我们可以根据近几年高考命题的规律从以下几个方面推测未来的趋势。
（1）词汇趋势：尽管试题保持平稳，但在阅读量上可能会有所变化，最近这两年阅读的词汇量已经超过1900个词，明显比早几年高出约100个词，未来也有可能阅读的总词汇量会逐年增加，有可能达到2000个词甚至更多。
（2）考点趋势：表层理解题（事实细节题）有所减少，深层理解题（推理判断题）有所增加，这样会更加有效地区别优秀考生和一般考生，有利于高校选拔人才。
（3）体裁趋势：四种常用体裁兼有，议论文或说明文偏重，7选5题目里同样也会出现议论文，因此，平时阅读时，注意阅读各种文体的文章，了解它们各自的用词特点、结构特点和写作风格。
（4）话题趋势：文章的话题会更加贴近学生，贴近生活，贴近时代，考生会感觉很亲近，很熟悉，而且通过阅读，获得新的信息和精神上的愉悦，考试的题目也能够成为考生的“精神食粮”，实乃命题的最高境界。
（5）设题趋势：设题形式更具多样化，不仅有文字表述，而且会出现符号、图形或结构图等。未来高考英语命题也有可能改变或增加阅读理解的题型，或许让阅读与写作有机地结合起来。
二、备考策略
在复习阶段，教师和学生一定要注意训练的方法，以下是根据我的教学经验总结出的一些做法，希望对大家能够起到借鉴作用。
1. 阅读与词汇相结合。
每天至少快速阅读2篇英语文章。最好找文章前列有与文中相关难词的材料，如果考生在阅读前先复习相关难词，在阅读中能见到这些难词，对这些难词的掌握就可以得到进一步的巩固。另外，也不会因为查词典而耽误时间，阅读的效率会大大提高。在阅读中若仍遇到“生词”，要结合上下文去推断其大概意思，在阅读后将这些“生词”抄出来及时复习。
2. 精读与泛读相结合。
整个复习阶段始终要以课本为本，课本里的文章要精读，在充分理解的基础上，反复大声朗读，直到能够背诵为止。精读的目的是为了更好地掌握英语词汇、语法和句型结构，甚至篇章结构，为语言的运用特别是写作打下坚实的基础。仅仅精读是不够的，因为语言的学习需要一定量的输入，才能保证输出的质量。所以，课后，要加强泛读，泛读不局限于做阅读理解题或做模拟试题，而是广泛地阅读你实际生活中接触到的任何英语材料，如英文报纸、小说、名人演讲、广告、宣传手册、布告、产品说明书等，现在网络如此发达，网上的东西则是海量资源，我们要有选择地去阅读我们感兴趣，或对我们有用的东西，或我们能够读得懂的材料。这样，“精”“泛”并举，我们的阅读理解能力就会得到很大提高，同时，阅读的速度也会加快，如同英美人一样，到最终阅读已经成为你的一种生活习惯，通过阅读获取知识和信息，那么，考试也就不会产生任何困难。
3. 阅读与写作相结合。
课文或文章阅读后，可以将要求回答的问题答案写下来，训练基本的写句子能力，还可以写文章概要（Summary）或改写或缩写，这些都是读写结合的好方法。在实际生活中，你结交了一些英语国家的朋友或非英语国家的朋友，通过电子邮件交流，当你阅读对方的电子邮件后，你必须用英语回复，这样读写也就自然结合起来了。这种现实生活中运用英语的机会还是比比皆是。所以，只要学以致用，英语语言的学习就会变得更容易，不为考试所困，不为考试所迷惑，反而轻松应对考试，使自己最后一年的中学校园生活过得很正常和很愉快。 三、考题类型
四、常考话题
高考阅读理解文章常涉及以下10个话题。
话题1：人物传记
2010年高考全国新课标卷I阅读理解D篇
There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway，wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car， so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore， so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city， I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive； I decided to wave back.
From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3∶00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile， I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug（拥抱）. I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.
I looked forward to the return journey.
1. The author expected the train trip to be ________.
A. adventurous B. pleasant C. exciting D. dull
2. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip？
A. The friendly country people.
B. The mountains along the way.
C. The crowds of people in the streets.
D. The simple lunch served on the train.
3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word“relish”in the second paragraph？ A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on
4. Where was the writer going？
A. Johore Baru. B. The Causeway.
C. Butterworth. D. Singapore.
5. What can we learn from the story？
A. Comfort in traveling by train.
B. Pleasure of living in the country.
C. Reading gives people delight.
D. Smiles brighten people up.
内容概要：微笑能够让人高兴，能够使人心情愉悦，作者从中受益匪浅。
2013年高考全国新课标卷I阅读理解C篇
It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was， in his words， “a brilliantly （精彩地） written book”. However， he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books， and various authors， which people have lied about reading， and as I’m not one to lie too often （I’d hate to be caught out）， I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that， unlike 42 percent of people， I have read the book at number one， George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.
The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen， Charles Dickens， Fyodor Dostoevsky （I haven’t read him， but haven’t lied about it either） and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied， the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth！
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy， people named J. K. Rowling， John Grisham， Sophie Kinsella （ah， the big sellers， in other words）. Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story （I’ll come clean： I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）.
6. How did the author find his friend a book liar？
A. By judging his manner of speaking.
B. By looking into his background.
C. By mentioning a famous name.
D. By discussing the book itself. 7. Which of the following is a“guilty secret”according to the World Book Day report？
A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.
B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
C. The author admitted having read 9 books.
D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
8. By lying about reading， a person hopes to .
A. control the conversation B. appear knowledgeable
C. learn about the book D. make more friends
9. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers？
A. Favorable. B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Friendly.
内容概要：作者通过与朋友谈论巴拉克·奥巴马的《我父亲的梦想》这本书，发现大约有三分之二的人曾撒谎说他们读过某本书。
话题2：学校与教育
2012年高考全国新课标卷I阅读理解D篇
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle， twinkle， little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning， which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something， additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming， bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle， twinkle， little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables （乘法口诀表） are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school， because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming （突击学习） for an examination， though it may result in a passing grade， is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming， a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination， but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning， on the other hand， is really necessary for one’s future development.
1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
2. The author explains the law of overlearning by ________.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
3. According to the author，being able to use multiplication tables is ________.
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
4. What is the author’s opinion on cramming？
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It’s possible to result in poor memory.
D. It increases students’learning interest.
内容概要：成年人常常惊叹他们能记得儿时学过的东西，作者认为这是儿童时期过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续学习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用“例证法”说明了过度学习的概念。最后还谈到了过度学习的好处和突击学习的弊端。
2014年高考全国新课标卷I阅读理解A篇
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge！
The Cambridge Science Festival（CSF）is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture， write an article， take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge， all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival， MIT Museum， 265 Mass Avenue.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday， April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15h， each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at： http：// cambridgesciencefestival.org.
5. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge？
A. School students. B. Cambridge locals.
C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists. 6. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held？
A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th.
C. On March 15th. D. On April 21 st.
7. What type of writing is this text？
A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.
C. An announcement. D. An official report.
内容概要：这是一篇应用文，为第六届剑桥科技节的通知。
话题3：饮食与健康
2008年高考全国新课标卷II阅读理解D篇
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines， say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine， found in cocoa， was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine， which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life， and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine， codeine or placebo， a pill that contains no medicine， during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin， which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.
The team found that， when the volunteers were given theobromine， the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity（神经活动）， which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments， theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
1. According to Professor Barnes， theobromine ______.
A. cannot be as effective as codeine
B. can be harmful to people’s health
C. cannot be separated from chocolate
D. can be a more effective cure for coughs
2. What was used in the experiment to cause coughing？
A. Theobromine. B. Codeine. C. Capsaicin. D. Placebo.
3. We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.
A. were patients with bad coughs
B. were divided into the three groups
C. received standard treatments
D. suffered little side effects
1. 考试说明。
（1）考试要求：阅读能力是语言学习最重要的能力之一。在外语学习过程中，阅读文章是我国学生接触外语的最主要途径，因此，阅读理解的测试在试卷中占权重较大，约占整个卷面总分的27%（其中广东占30%）。
该部分要求考生读懂熟悉书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
①理解主旨要义
②理解文中具体信息
③根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义
④作出判断和推理
⑤理解文章的基本结构
⑥理解作者的意图、观点和态度
（2）试卷结构：试卷题目数、计分和时间安排如下：
阅读理解安排在第二部分，紧跟在听力之后，这是2014年由于将语法测试的单项填空题改为语篇型语法填空题后才做的调整，过去一直安排在完形填空题之后。本部分共两节，测试考生阅读理解书面英语的能力。
第一节：共15小题，每小题2分。要求考生根据所提供短文的内容（不少于900词），从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
第二节：共5小题，每小题2分。在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。
本部分所需时间约为35分钟。
2. 样题分析。
以2015年的高考英语试题作为样题是最具有参考价值的，从理论上讲，与2016年的高考题是最接近的。下面就对样题进行分析，以便大家了解命题规律和命题趋势。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum
Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don’t need to book. They end around 21：00.
November 7th
The Canal Pioneers， by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”.
December 5th
Ice for the Metropolis， by Malcolm Tucker. Well before the arrival of freezers， there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering， Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells， and how London’s ice trade grew.
February 6th
An Update on the Cotsword Canals， by Liz Payne. The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening. The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer. We will have a report on the present state of play.
March 6th
Eyots and Aits - Thames Islands， by Miranda Vickers. The Thames had many islands. Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them. She will tell us about those of greatest interest.
Online bookings：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/book
More into：www.canalmuseum.org.uk/whatson
London Canal Museum
12-13 New Wharf Road， London NI 9RT
www.canalmuseum.org.uk www.canalmuseum.mobi
Tel： 020 77130836
21. When is the talk on James Brindley？
A. November 7th. B. March 6th. C. February 6th. D. December 5th.
22. What is the topic of the talk in February？
A. The Canal Pioneers.
B. Ice for the Metropolis.
C. Eyots and Aits — Thames Islands.
D. An Update on the Cotsword Canals.
23. Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames？
A. Chris Lewis. B. Malcolm Tucker.
C. Miranda Vickers. D. Liz Payne.
内容概要：本文讲述伦敦运河博物馆每月举办的演讲，主要介绍了11月，12月，2月和3月的演讲，涵盖演讲主题、演讲人介绍和讲演的内容。文章最后给出了运河博物馆的地址、网址和联系方式。
B
The freezing Northeast hasn’t been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter，so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota，Florida，my bags were packed before you could say “sunshine”. I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C（维生素 C），thinking of beaches and orange trees. When we touched down to blue skies and warm air，I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools，wine tasting，and pink sunsets （at normal evening hours，not 4 in the afternoon）filled the weekend，but the best part — particularly to my taste，dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables — was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.
The market，which was founded in 1979，sets up its tents every Saturday from 7∶00 am to 1 p.m.，rain or shine，along North Lemon and State streets. Baskets of perfect red strawberries，the red-painted sides of the Java Dawg coffee truck； and most of all，the tomatoes： amazing，large，soft and round red tomatoes.
Disappointed by many a broken，vine-ripened（蔓上成熟的） promise，I’ve refused to buy winter tomatoes for years. No matter how attractive they look in the store，once I get them home they’re unfailingly dry，hard，and tasteless. But I homed in，with uncertainty，on one particular table at the Brown’s Grove Farm’s stand，full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist. These were the real deal — and at that moment，I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that back home in New York I wouldn’t be experiencing again for months.
Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight，my happiness deepened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty，a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton，where — luckily for me — I was planning to have dinner that very night. Without even seeing the menu，I knew I’d be ordering every tomato on it.
24. What did the author think of her winter life in New York？ A. Exciting. B. Boring. C. Relaxing. D. Annoying.
25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile？
A. Having a swim.
B. Breathing in fresh air.
C. Walking in the morning sun.
D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.
26. What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter？
A. They are soft. B. They look nice.
C. They taste great. D. They are juicy.
27. What was the author going to do that evening？
A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel.
C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables.
内容概要：文章主要讲述作者从纽约到弗罗里达州的萨塔索塔过冬，期间参观了格鲁夫农场，品尝了美味多汁的番茄，与纽约看似光鲜，实则干瘪无味的番茄形成鲜明对比，因此给作者留下了深刻的印象。
C
Salvador Dali （1904-1989） was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings， sculptures， drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces， most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938， works on paper， objects， and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.
The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning， the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.
The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities （无限）. “From the infinity small to the infinity large， contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus： amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.
The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration（合作） with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid， Spain， and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.
28. Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1？
A. Optimistic. B. Productive.
C. Generous. D. Traditional.
29. What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be？
A. One of his masterworks.
B. A successful screen adaptation.
C. An artistic creation for the stage.
D. One of the beat TV programmes.
30. How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali？ A. By popularity. B. By importance.
C. By size and shape. D. By time and subject.
31. What does the word“contributions”in the last paragraph refer to？
A. Donations. B. Projects.
C. Artworks. D. Documents.
内容概要：本篇文章主要介绍为纪念萨尔瓦多达利，这位世界最著名的现代艺术家，巴黎蓬皮社艺术中心展出他的200多幅绘画作品包括油画、雕像和素描。
D
Conflict is on the menu tonight at the café La Chope. This evening， as on every Thursday night， psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France’s favorite pastimes， coffee drinking and the “talking cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn’t always easy. They customers — some thirty Parisians who pay just under ￥2 （plus drinks） per session — care quick to intellectualize （高谈阔论），slow to open up and connect. “You are forbidden to say‘one feels，’ or ‘people think’，” Lehane told them. “Say ‘I think，’ ‘Think me’.”
A café society where no intellectualizing is allowed？It couldn’t seem more un-French. But Lehanne’s psychology café is about more than knowing oneself： It’s trying to help the city’s troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years， Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle — longer working hours， a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology， history， and engineering are catching on， filling tables well into the evening.
The city’s“psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort， are among the most popular places. Middle-aged homemakers， retirees， and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love， anger， and dreams with a psychologist. And they come to Lehanne’s group just to learn to say what they feel. “There’s a strong need in Paris for communication，” says Maurice Frisch， a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in nearby church. “Peaple have few real friends. And they need to open up”. Lehanne says she’d like to see psychology cafes all over France. “If people had normal lives， these cafes wouldn’t exist，” she says. “If life weren’t a battle， people wouldn’t need a special place just to speak.” But then， it wouldn’t be France.
32. What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope？
A. Learn a new subject
B. Keep in touch with friends.
C. Show off their knowledge.
D. Express their true feelings.
33. How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes？ A. They are less frequently visited.
B. They stay open for longer hours.
C. They have bigger night crowds.
D. They start to serve fast food.
34. What are theme cafes expected to do？
A. Create more jobs. B. Supply better drinks.
C. Save the cafe business. D. Serve the neighborhood.
35. Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris？
A. They bring people true friendship.
B. They give people spiritual support.
C. They help people realize their dreams.
D. They offer a platform for business links.
内容概要：巴黎的La Chope咖啡馆是一家心理理疗咖啡馆，这家咖啡馆里提供专业的心理专家，在享受咖啡的同时，客人可以与心理学家畅所欲言，说出自己内心最真实的想法。法国人较长的工作时间，不健康的快餐饮食文化和年轻人宅文化都让人与人之间缺少实质的交流，这也促使了越来越多的心理理疗咖啡馆的应运而生。
第二节 （共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Building Trust in a Relationship Again
Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. 36 Trust is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.
Unfortunately， we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been stolen from， lied to， misled， or cheated on， there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust any more. 37 It’s understandable， but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again， we have some steps you can take to get you there.
38 Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.
39 If you’ve been betrayed， you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives， we’ll have our trust tested or violated.
You didn’t lose“everything”. Once trust is lost， what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle， look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 40 Instead， it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.
A. Learn to really trust yourself.
B. It is putting confidence in someone.
C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.
D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.
E. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.
G. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.
内容概要：人与人之间的信任非常重要，但是人们也常常遭受到背叛，而不再相信别人。介绍了有几种方法可以帮助人们重建信任。
3. 命题规律。
阅读理解部分共分两节：第一节是常见的四选一题型，共4篇短文，第二节为七选五题型，文章的长度与前面的四篇差不多。通过对近几年的高考试卷的分析，我们总结出以下五个规律：
规律一：阅读量大。
阅读理解总词汇量近两年来已经达到了1900多个单词，2013年以前，阅读的总词汇量在1800多个词，很明显，文章的长度有一定程度上的增加，这样传递的信息量更大，要求考生加快阅读速度，确保有效时间内最大限度地获取信息。
规律二： 体裁全面。
阅读文章的体裁基本上涵盖了记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。考查的重点除了获取细节或事实性信息外，还涉及到逻辑推理、概括总结和揣测作者的写作意图或观点态度等，注重对语篇整体意义、逻辑关系和内在连贯等综合阅读能力的把握。
规律三 ：题材广泛。
选材广泛，内容丰富，更多地关注与当今社会、生活、科技、文化、教育等相关的话题。话题涵盖日常生活、人物传记、风土人情、故事传说、社会文化、政治经济、科技发展、自然现象、新闻报道、体育活动、广告说明、书信通知、娱乐休闲等许多方面的内容。话题之丰富体现了高考对学生了解多元文化的要求，培养基本的跨文化交际的意识和能力。
规律四 ：材料新颖。
一般来说，几乎每一篇文章都来自英美等国的书刊报或知名的权威网站，内容新、语言地道，近几年选材更加生活化，文中含有一些英语国家的文化背景知识，更多地体现人文关怀、人生哲理、生活态度、跨文化交际、做事能力等，时代感和教育意义很强。重视热点问题，追踪科技前沿，具有浓厚的时代气息，使阅读活动更贴近实际生活。
规律五：偏重理解。
事实细节题和推理判断题在阅读理解里占有较大的比重，共约占阅读理解题的60%。尽管事实细节题比例很大，实际上也同样需要推理判断才能够得出具体的确切信息。近几年来，阅读理解题非常注重考生的语篇整体理解能力，如增加了“7选5”的逻辑结构题，考查考生综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力，符合课程标准和考试大纲的目标与要求。
4. 命题趋势。
高考命题整体上为“保持平稳，稳中有变”，就阅读理解而言，未来几年内题型仍然不会有变化，但我们可以根据近几年高考命题的规律从以下几个方面推测未来的趋势。
（1）词汇趋势：尽管试题保持平稳，但在阅读量上可能会有所变化，最近这两年阅读的词汇量已经超过1900个词，明显比早几年高出约100个词，未来也有可能阅读的总词汇量会逐年增加，有可能达到2000个词甚至更多。
（2）考点趋势：表层理解题（事实细节题）有所减少，深层理解题（推理判断题）有所增加，这样会更加有效地区别优秀考生和一般考生，有利于高校选拔人才。
（3）体裁趋势：四种常用体裁兼有，议论文或说明文偏重，7选5题目里同样也会出现议论文，因此，平时阅读时，注意阅读各种文体的文章，了解它们各自的用词特点、结构特点和写作风格。
（4）话题趋势：文章的话题会更加贴近学生，贴近生活，贴近时代，考生会感觉很亲近，很熟悉，而且通过阅读，获得新的信息和精神上的愉悦，考试的题目也能够成为考生的“精神食粮”，实乃命题的最高境界。
（5）设题趋势：设题形式更具多样化，不仅有文字表述，而且会出现符号、图形或结构图等。未来高考英语命题也有可能改变或增加阅读理解的题型，或许让阅读与写作有机地结合起来。
二、备考策略
在复习阶段，教师和学生一定要注意训练的方法，以下是根据我的教学经验总结出的一些做法，希望对大家能够起到借鉴作用。
1. 阅读与词汇相结合。
每天至少快速阅读2篇英语文章。最好找文章前列有与文中相关难词的材料，如果考生在阅读前先复习相关难词，在阅读中能见到这些难词，对这些难词的掌握就可以得到进一步的巩固。另外，也不会因为查词典而耽误时间，阅读的效率会大大提高。在阅读中若仍遇到“生词”，要结合上下文去推断其大概意思，在阅读后将这些“生词”抄出来及时复习。
2. 精读与泛读相结合。
整个复习阶段始终要以课本为本，课本里的文章要精读，在充分理解的基础上，反复大声朗读，直到能够背诵为止。精读的目的是为了更好地掌握英语词汇、语法和句型结构，甚至篇章结构，为语言的运用特别是写作打下坚实的基础。仅仅精读是不够的，因为语言的学习需要一定量的输入，才能保证输出的质量。所以，课后，要加强泛读，泛读不局限于做阅读理解题或做模拟试题，而是广泛地阅读你实际生活中接触到的任何英语材料，如英文报纸、小说、名人演讲、广告、宣传手册、布告、产品说明书等，现在网络如此发达，网上的东西则是海量资源，我们要有选择地去阅读我们感兴趣，或对我们有用的东西，或我们能够读得懂的材料。这样，“精”“泛”并举，我们的阅读理解能力就会得到很大提高，同时，阅读的速度也会加快，如同英美人一样，到最终阅读已经成为你的一种生活习惯，通过阅读获取知识和信息，那么，考试也就不会产生任何困难。
3. 阅读与写作相结合。
课文或文章阅读后，可以将要求回答的问题答案写下来，训练基本的写句子能力，还可以写文章概要（Summary）或改写或缩写，这些都是读写结合的好方法。在实际生活中，你结交了一些英语国家的朋友或非英语国家的朋友，通过电子邮件交流，当你阅读对方的电子邮件后，你必须用英语回复，这样读写也就自然结合起来了。这种现实生活中运用英语的机会还是比比皆是。所以，只要学以致用，英语语言的学习就会变得更容易，不为考试所困，不为考试所迷惑，反而轻松应对考试，使自己最后一年的中学校园生活过得很正常和很愉快。 三、考题类型
四、常考话题
高考阅读理解文章常涉及以下10个话题。
话题1：人物传记
2010年高考全国新课标卷I阅读理解D篇
There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway，wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car， so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore， so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city， I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive； I decided to wave back.
From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3∶00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile， I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug（拥抱）. I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.
I looked forward to the return journey.
1. The author expected the train trip to be ________.
A. adventurous B. pleasant C. exciting D. dull
2. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip？
A. The friendly country people.
B. The mountains along the way.
C. The crowds of people in the streets.
D. The simple lunch served on the train.
3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word“relish”in the second paragraph？ A. choose B. enjoy C. prepare for D. carry on
4. Where was the writer going？
A. Johore Baru. B. The Causeway.
C. Butterworth. D. Singapore.
5. What can we learn from the story？
A. Comfort in traveling by train.
B. Pleasure of living in the country.
C. Reading gives people delight.
D. Smiles brighten people up.
内容概要：微笑能够让人高兴，能够使人心情愉悦，作者从中受益匪浅。
2013年高考全国新课标卷I阅读理解C篇
It happened to me recently. I was telling someone how much I had enjoyed reading Barack Obama’s Dreams From My Father and how it had changed my views of our President. A friend I was talking to agreed with me that it was， in his words， “a brilliantly （精彩地） written book”. However， he then went on to talk about Mr. Obama in a way which suggested he had no idea of his background at all. I sensed that I was talking to a book liar.
And it seems that my friend is not the only one. Approximately two thirds of people have lied about reading a book which they haven’t. In the World Book Day’s “Report on Guilty Secrets”， Dreams From My Father is at number 9. The report lists ten books， and various authors， which people have lied about reading， and as I’m not one to lie too often （I’d hate to be caught out）， I’ll admit here and now that I haven’t read the entire top ten. But I am pleased to say that， unlike 42 percent of people， I have read the book at number one， George Orwell’s 1984. I think it’s really brilliant.
The World Book Day report also has some other interesting information in it. It says that many people lie about having read Jane Austen， Charles Dickens， Fyodor Dostoevsky （I haven’t read him， but haven’t lied about it either） and Herman Melville.
Asked why they lied， the most common reason was to “impress” someone they were speaking to. This could be tricky if the conversation became more in–depth！
But when asked which authors they actually enjoy， people named J. K. Rowling， John Grisham， Sophie Kinsella （ah， the big sellers， in other words）. Forty-two percent of people asked admitted they turned to the back of the book to read the end before finishing the story （I’ll come clean： I do this and am astonished that 58 percent said they had never done so）.
6. How did the author find his friend a book liar？
A. By judging his manner of speaking.
B. By looking into his background.
C. By mentioning a famous name.
D. By discussing the book itself. 7. Which of the following is a“guilty secret”according to the World Book Day report？
A. Charles Dickens is very low on the top-ten list.
B. 42% of people pretended to have read 1984.
C. The author admitted having read 9 books.
D. Dreams From My Father is hardly read.
8. By lying about reading， a person hopes to .
A. control the conversation B. appear knowledgeable
C. learn about the book D. make more friends
9. What is the author’s attitude to 58% of readers？
A. Favorable. B. Uncaring. C. Doubtful. D. Friendly.
内容概要：作者通过与朋友谈论巴拉克·奥巴马的《我父亲的梦想》这本书，发现大约有三分之二的人曾撒谎说他们读过某本书。
话题2：学校与教育
2012年高考全国新课标卷I阅读理解D篇
Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle， twinkle， little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.
One explanation is the law of overlearning， which can be stated as follows： Once we have learned something， additional learning trials increase the length of time we will remember it
In childhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming， bicycle riding， and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as “Twinkle， twinkle， little star” and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn but overlearn.
The multiplication tables （乘法口诀表） are an exception to the general rule. that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school， because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.
The law of overlearning explains why cramming （突击学习） for an examination， though it may result in a passing grade， is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming， a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination， but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning， on the other hand， is really necessary for one’s future development.
1. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 1？
A. People remember well what they learned in childhood. B. Children have a better memory than grown-ups.
C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.
D. Stories for children are easy to remember.
2. The author explains the law of overlearning by ________.
A. presenting research findings
B. setting down general rules
C. making a comparison
D. using examples
3. According to the author，being able to use multiplication tables is ________.
A. a result of overlearning
B. a special case of cramming
C. a skill to deal with math problems
D. a basic step towards advanced studies
4. What is the author’s opinion on cramming？
A. It leads to failure in college exams.
B. It’s helpful only in a limited way.
C. It’s possible to result in poor memory.
D. It increases students’learning interest.
内容概要：成年人常常惊叹他们能记得儿时学过的东西，作者认为这是儿童时期过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续学习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用“例证法”说明了过度学习的概念。最后还谈到了过度学习的好处和突击学习的弊端。
2014年高考全国新课标卷I阅读理解A篇
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity Challenge
Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge！
The Cambridge Science Festival（CSF）is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture， write an article， take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge， all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival， MIT Museum， 265 Mass Avenue.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday， April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15h， each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at： http：// cambridgesciencefestival.org.
5. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge？
A. School students. B. Cambridge locals.
C. CSF winners. D. MIT artists. 6. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held？
A. On February 8th. B. On March 10th.
C. On March 15th. D. On April 21 st.
7. What type of writing is this text？
A. An exhibition guide. B. An art show review.
C. An announcement. D. An official report.
内容概要：这是一篇应用文，为第六届剑桥科技节的通知。
话题3：饮食与健康
2008年高考全国新课标卷II阅读理解D篇
Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines， say UK researchers.
Their study found that theobromine， found in cocoa， was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine， which was considered the best cough medicine at present.
The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful it can have a major effect on the quality of life， and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.
Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine， codeine or placebo， a pill that contains no medicine， during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin， which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.
The team found that， when the volunteers were given theobromine， the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.
The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity（神经活动）， which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments， theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.
1. According to Professor Barnes， theobromine ______.
A. cannot be as effective as codeine
B. can be harmful to people’s health
C. cannot be separated from chocolate
D. can be a more effective cure for coughs
2. What was used in the experiment to cause coughing？
A. Theobromine. B. Codeine. C. Capsaicin. D. Placebo.
3. We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.
A. were patients with bad coughs
B. were divided into the three groups
C. received standard treatments
D. suffered little side effects