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中国土司制度与西方列强所从事的海外殖民活动具有本质的区别,两者根本不存在任何一种相似性。土司制度是中央王朝为维护中国领土的完整、维系边疆的稳定,以及促进内地与周边少数民族地区各种文化事项交往,因俗、因地而建构的一套职官体制。它是中国传统行政体制在元、明、清三代的具体体现,是王朝职官体制中的一个有机组成部分。依法执行土司制度纯属中国的内政。然而,西方殖民活动则是工业革命之后,为了向海外掠取资源、垄断市场而采取的移民垦殖活动,是凭借坚船利炮,强制进入非西方地区的侵略行径。随着我国综合国力不断提升,以及昔日殖民地国家纷纷独立,并致力于摆脱西方列强控制的今天,将土司制度与西方列强所从事的海外殖民活动做简单的类比,乃是当代西方学术思想的一种自我解嘲。其目的在于,为国外的反华势力制造借口。为此,中国学人理当做出必要的回应,澄清这两者间的本质区别,以维护中华民族的和谐和发展。
There is an essential difference between the Chinese chieftain system and the overseas colonial activities carried out by the Western powers. There is no similarity between the two. The chieftain system is a set of official system established by the Central Government for the sake of preserving the territorial integrity of China, maintaining the stability of the border area, and promoting exchanges of various cultural issues between the Mainland and the surrounding ethnic minority areas. It is a concrete embodiment of the traditional Chinese administrative system in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties and is an integral part of the system of dynastic officials. The implementation of the chieftain system according to law is purely China’s internal affairs. However, the western colonial activities were the immigrant reclamation activities that took place after the industrial revolution in order to plunder resources and monopolize the market overseas. They were forced to enter the non-Western areas through the use of jack-up artillery guns. With the continuous improvement of China’s overall national strength and the fact that former colonial countries were independent and committed themselves to getting rid of the control of Western powers today, the simple analogy of the chieftain system with overseas colonial activities undertaken by the Western powers is one of the contemporary western academic ideas Self-deprecating. Its purpose is to create an excuse for foreign anti-China forces. To this end, Chinese scholars should make the necessary responses to clarify the essential differences between the two in order to safeguard the harmony and development of the Chinese nation.