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马克思在《资本论》德文第一版序言中指出:“我要在本书研究的,是资本主义生产方式以及和它相适应的生产关系和交换关系。”这段话从文字到内容都是准确明晰、别无二义的,而且在以后的各种版本中,也从未做过修改。这段话被公认为是对《资本论》也可以说是对马克思主义政治经济学研究对象的最权威的表述。然而,几十年来在我国所有的教科书中,几乎都将马克思主义政治经济学的研究对象定义为生产关系,而不知不觉地将“生产方式”抹去了。这不仅不利于对《资本论》的理解和研究,还阻碍了社会主义经济理论的发展与创新。
In the preface to the first edition of German on Capital, Marx pointed out: “What I will study in this book is the capitalist mode of production and the relations of production and exchange that are compatible with it.” This passage goes from words to contents It is accurate and unequivocal, and has never been modified in any future version. This passage is widely accepted as the most authoritative expression of “capitalism” as well as the study object of Marxist political economy. However, in almost all textbooks in our country for decades, almost all the objects of study of Marxist political economy were defined as relations of production, and the “mode of production” was obliterated. This is not only unfavorable to the understanding and study of “capitalism”, but also hinders the development and innovation of the socialist economic theory.