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在汉代画像石墓葬中,祠堂与墓室均发现饮食的画像,分别为祠堂和墓室的“祭案”、“庖厨”图。从丧俗研究出发,祠堂是祠祭死者的重要场所,墓室是墓主灵魂的安乐处;人们认为人死之后,灵魂不灭,还会在另一世界继续生活,其饮食起居一如阳世,而墓葬就是死者灵魂的住所;汉人则通过祠祭与墓葬希望死者之魂尽快归来,无妄行,在自己的墓室——“幸福家园”中安心生活。本文试从墓上到墓下的转变,意在揭示汉人对生死的理解和早期道教《太平经》对这一时期观念的影响。
In the Han Dynasty tombs of tombs, the portraits of eating and drinking were found both in the ancestral halls and in the tombs, respectively as the “sacrificial case” and “chef kitchen” images of the ancestral halls and the tombs. From the funeral studies, the ancestral temple is an important place where the ancestral temple is sacrificed to the dead. The tomb room is the place where the souls of the tomb owners live comfortably. People think that after the death, the soul will not be destroyed and will continue to live in another world. While the burial place is the dwelling place of the souls of the deceased. The Han people, through the sacrificial offering of the ancestral temple and the burial place, hope that the souls of the deceased will return as soon as possible, making no mistake and living peacefully in their own tomb - “Happy Homeland”. This article attempts to shift from the tomb to the tomb under the tomb to reveal the Han’s understanding of life and death and the influence of the early Taoist Taiping Classic on the notion of this period.