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机械加工业早期刀具采用的材料为碳素工具钢及合金工具钢。碳素工具钢为含碳量0.65%～1.35%的高碳钢,如T12A。其抗弯强度为2.2GPa、抗压强度为4GPa、耐热性为200℃～250℃,当然切削速度也极低。合金工具钢指含铬、钨、硅、锰等合金元素的低合金钢,如9SiCr、CrWMn等。合金工具钢抗弯强度为2.4GPa,抗压强度为4GPa,耐热性为300℃～400℃,其切削速度明显高于碳素工具钢,一般可用来制作丝锥、铰刀、拉刀等。
Early machining tools used in the material for the carbon tool steel and alloy tool steel. Carbon tool steel carbon content of 0.65% ~ 1.35% of high-carbon steel, such as T12A. The flexural strength of 2.2GPa, compressive strength of 4GPa, heat resistance of 200 ℃ ~ 250 ℃, of course, cutting speed is also very low. Alloy tool steel refers to chromium, tungsten, silicon, manganese and other alloying elements of low alloy steel, such as 9SiCr, CrWMn and so on. Alloy tool steel bending strength of 2.4GPa, compressive strength of 4GPa, heat resistance of 300 ℃ ~ 400 ℃, the cutting speed was significantly higher than the carbon tool steel, generally used to make taps, reamers, broaches and so on.