肝硬化是常见的慢性进行性肝病,由于致病因素长期或反复地损害肝脏,引起肝脏结构发生弥漫性改变,导致肝纤维化和门脉高压症。老年人最常见的是隐匿性或原因不明的肝硬化。随着目前诊治方法的发展,肝硬化者病程延长,致使更多的患者进入老年期,因而老年人肝硬化发生率有增加。 关于对肝硬化的防治,关键在于早期发现,针对病因,加强支持治疗,使病变缓解和延长代偿期;对失代偿期治疗主要是改善肝动能和防治并发症。 一般治疗 代偿期间宜适当减少活动,防止过劳;失代偿期则应卧床休息为主,直至血清转氨酶恢复正常。饮食方面要有足够的热量、糖、蛋白质和维生素丰富的食物,做菜的油要加以限制,应多吃新鲜蔬菜和水果,严格忌酒和不吃粗糙、坚锐和酸辣等刺激性食物;若肝功能明显受损时,应限制或禁吃蛋白质食物(因蛋白质分解产物对身体有害);进食不足者,可静脉滴入葡萄糖或复方氦基酸等,待病情好转后,适当地逐渐增加蛋白质饮食;有浮肿或腹水时,应少吃盐或无盐,并 Cirrhosis is a common chronic progressive liver disease, which causes long-term or repeated damage to the liver, causing diffuse changes in the liver structure, leading to liver fibrosis and portal hypertension. The most common in the elderly is occult cirrhosis or unexplained cirrhosis. With the development of the current diagnosis and treatment methods, the course of liver cirrhosis is prolonged, resulting in more patients entering the elderly, and thus the incidence of cirrhosis in the elderly has increased. On the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis, the key lies in the early detection, the cause of the disease, strengthen supportive treatment, so that lesions and prolongation of compensatory; treatment of decompensation is mainly to improve liver function and prevention and treatment of complications. The general treatment of compensatory period should be appropriate to reduce activities to prevent overwork; decompensation should be bed rest mainly until serum aminotransferase returned to normal. Diet should have enough calories, sugar, protein and vitamin-rich foods, cooking oil to be limited, should eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, strict avoidance of alcohol and eat rough, sharp and hot and spicy and other irritating foods ; If the liver function was significantly impaired, should limit or forbidden to eat protein foods (due to protein decomposition products harmful to the body); insufficient diet may be intravenous glucose or compound helium acid, etc., until the condition improved, the appropriate gradual Increase the protein diet; there is swelling or ascites, should eat less salt or no salt, and