教师上课之前要研究教材,掌握教学的重点和难点,然后,针对学生情况设计教学过程。这从信息论、控制论的角度看,就是排布信息,目的是实施程序控制。课堂教学就是教师(施控人)按照原先设计的目标进行定向控制,完成信息的传递和改换的任务。但由于受控人(学生)的个性各不相同,基础有好有差,智力有强有弱,因此,课堂教学不会都一帆风顺,往往有很多“偶发事件”出现,这是教学中的正常现象。出现“反常”的原因:一般来说是由于主控者对情况估计不足,或受控人思维活跃,敢于探求而偏离 Teachers should study the teaching materials before class, master the key points and difficulties of teaching, and then, design the teaching process according to the situation of students. This information from the perspective of cybernetics, is the arrangement of information, the purpose is to implement the program control. Classroom teaching is the teacher (instructor) in accordance with the original design of the target orientation control, the completion of the task of information transfer and change. However, as the controlled person (student) has different personalities, the foundation is good and bad, and the intelligence is strong and weak. Therefore, the classroom teaching will not be smooth and smooth. There are often many “occasional occurrences” which are normal in teaching phenomenon. Causes of “abnormal”: Generally speaking, due to the master's estimation of the situation is not enough, or controlled by the active thinking, dare to explore and deviate