Genetic variation analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between 12 yield-related agronomic traits of 87 summer sowing soybean cultivars in Huang-Huai-Hai region. According to the experimental results, effective branch number showed the maximum variation coefficient and growth duration showed the minimum variation coefficient. The variation coefficient of bottom pod height, pod number per plant, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant and 100-grain weight of semi-determinate summer sowing soybean ranged between 18.38%-27.56. The variation coefficient of plant height, bottom pod height, pod number per plant, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant of determinate summer sowing soybean ranged from 21.02% to 8.04%. In semi-determinate summer sowing soybean, yield showed extremely significantly positive correlation with grain number per pod, grain weight per plant and 100-grain weight, but extremely significantly negative correlation with effective branch number and significantly negative correlation with growth duration. In determinate summer sowing soybean, yield showed extremely significantly positive correlation with stem diameter but significantly positive correlation with bottom pod height, while it showed no significant correlation with other agronomic traits. Principal component analysis of yield-related agronomic traits showed that cumulative contribution rates of the former four principal components to the variation of semi-determinate and determinate summer sowing soybean were 79.92% and 79.50%, respectively. Agronomic traits with the greatest variation should be selected first. Semi-determinate and determinate summer sowing soybean individuals in Huang-Huai-Hai region should be selected according to different podding habits. In addition, semi-determinate soybean varieties with moderate plant height and growth duration, fewer effective branches, more grains per pod and greater 100-grain weight should be selected; determinate soybean varieties with thicker stem diameter, higher plant height and bottom pod height, more nodes on main stem, fewer grains per pod, more pods per plant and grains per plant should be selected. Genetic variation analysis, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between 12 yield-related agronomic traits of 87 summer sowing soybean cultivars in Huang-Huai-Hai region. According to the experimental results, effective branch number showed the maximum variation grain number per plant, grain weight per plant and 100-grain weight of semi-determinate summer sowing soybean ranged between 18.38% -27.56 The variation coefficient of plant height, bottom pod height, pod number per plant, grain number per plant and grain weight per plant of determinate summer sowing soybean ranged from 21.02% to 8.04%. In semi-determinate summer sowing soybean, yield was extremely significantly positive correlation with grain number per pod, grain weight per plant and 100-grain weight, but extremely sig nificantly negative correlation with effective branch number and significantly negative correlation with growth duration. In determinate summer sowing soybean, yield showed extremely significant positive correlation with stem diameter but significantly positive correlation with bottom pod height, while it showed no significant correlation with other agronomic traits. Principal component analysis of yield-related agronomic traits showed that cumulative distribution rates of the former four principal components to the variation of semi-determinate and determinate summer sowing soybean were 79.92% and 79.50%, respectively. Agronomic traits with the greatest variation should be selected First. Semi-determinate and determinate summer sowing soybean individuals in Huang-Huai-Hai region should be selected according to different podding habits. In addition, semi-determinate soybean varieties with moderate plant height and growth duration, less effective branches, more grains per pod and greater 100-grain weight should be selected; determinate soybean varieties with thicker stem diameter, higher plant height and bottom pod height, more nodes on main stem, fewer grains per pod, more pods per plant and grains per plant should be selected.