大多数印制电路组装是采用波峰焊的,而手工钎焊只用于返工有缺陷的焊点;更换有缺陷的元件;以及焊接跨接线等。不适当地控制手工钎焊的工艺过程,可能因热而损坏组件的外部和内部,也可能二者同时发生。外部的热损坏多半是以生白点、龟裂(通常称为“白斑”)、起层、烧毁绝缘层、以及外层焊盘翘起 Most printed circuit assemblies use wave soldering while manual soldering only rework defective solder joints; replace defective components; and solder jumpers. Improper control of the process of manual brazing can damage the exterior and interior of the assembly due to heat, or both. External thermal damage is mostly caused by white spots, cracks (often referred to as “white spots”), the top layer, the burnout insulation, and the outer pad tilt