论文部分内容阅读
国际放射防护委员会 ( ICRP)使用的低水平电离辐射照射的致癌危险已经受到了挑战 ,有人说它太高 ,同时也有人说它太低。本文说明 ,流行病学的证据总是在低剂量受到限制 ,因此 ,为了评价生物学危险 ,理解致癌的细胞机制就愈加重要。从而 ,通过分析 ,找出为什么会对 ICRP提出挑战 ,特别是对线性无阈响应模型提出挑战的原因。通过对这些问题的认真考虑 ,ICRP主委员会现正研究一种经修改的简化方法 ,它是建筑在着眼于个体的哲学观点上的 ,这表明委员会可能转移过去着眼于社会的准则的强调。通过国际辐射防护协会 ( IRPA)已经公布了这些建议 ,而且在 1999年 7月的《辐射防护》杂志上也公开发表了一篇文章。根据收到的反馈意见和 IRPA第十届大会上的讨论 ,委员会将开始准备下一个建议书的框架文件。自从 ICRP为了征求意见而散发后来成为 1990年建议书的草稿以来 ,已经过去十多年了。委员会计划在以后的四五年时间里准备它的下一个新建议书。本文将阐述准备新建议书时需要强调的很多问题。这些问题包括生物效应、剂量学量和导致不同防护要求的剂量水平的建立。将有必要澄清排除和豁免的概念以及如何达到新建议说明的“合理可实现的”( AL ARP)含义。最后 ,委员会已决定建立环境辐射防护基本原理 ,这也将作为新?
The carcinogenic risk posed by low levels of ionizing radiation used by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has been challenged, some claim it is too high, and others say it is too low. This article shows that epidemiological evidence is always limited at low doses and therefore it is increasingly important to understand the cellular mechanisms responsible for carcinogenesis in order to assess the biological risk. Thus, by analyzing, it is possible to find out why ICRP is challenged, especially the linear threshold-free response model. Through careful consideration of these issues, the ICRP Main Committee is now studying a modified and simplified approach that is built on a philosophical, individual-oriented perspective, suggesting that the Commission may divert past emphasis on social-oriented norms. These recommendations have been published through the International Association of Radiological Protection (IRPA) and an article published in the Radiation Protection magazine in July 1999. Based on the feedback received and the discussions at IRPA 10, the Commission will begin preparing the framework document for the next Recommendation. More than a decade has passed since the ICRP was circulated for comments and later became a draft of the 1990 Recommendation. The Commission plans to prepare its next new proposal in the next four to five years. This article will explain many of the issues that need to be emphasized when preparing a new proposal. These issues include biological effects, dosimetry and the establishment of dose levels that lead to different protection requirements. It would be necessary to clarify the concept of exclusions and exemptions and the meaning of “ALAP” as to how to achieve the new proposed recourse. Finally, the committee has decided to establish the fundamentals of environmental radiation protection, which will also serve as a new?