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一、背景介绍2006年2月24日,中国国家环境保护总局发布《环境影响评价公众参与暂行办法》(以下简称《暂行办法》),该办法自2006年3月18日起施行。《暂行办法》以部门规章的形式将公众参与制度化地引入环境影响评价工作,可以真正保障公众环境权益,加强环境决策民主化。该办法发布后社会各界反响颇大,被称为中国环保领域第一部公众参与的规范性文件,完善了公众参与环境保护方面的立法,有利于环境行政主管部门科学决策,同时也贯彻了国务院《关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》中关于“健全社会监督机制”的要求。可以说暂行办法的出台是形势所趋、现实所需。国家环境保护总局有关官员介绍说环境保护总局将以环境影响评价领域为突破口,推动公众对环境事务的有效参与。公众参与是环境影响评价制度的非常重要的内容,然而在中国环境影响评价制度实行的前20年,相关的法律法规对公众参与环境影响评价只字未提。在1993年,由国家计委、国家环保局、财政部、中国人民银行联合发布了《关于加强国际金融组织贷款建设项目环境影响评价管理工作的通知》,首次提出了公众参与环境影响评价的要求。该通知第7条规定:“公众参与是环境影响
I. Introduction On February 24, 2006, the State Environmental Protection Administration of China released the Interim Measures for Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (the ”Interim Measures“), which came into force on March 18, 2006. The ”Interim Measures“ to institutionalize the public participation into the EIA in the form of departmental rules and regulations can truly protect public environmental rights and interests and strengthen the democratization of environmental decision-making. After the promulgation of this measure, all sectors of society have reverberated and are known as the first normative document for public participation in the field of environmental protection in China. They have improved public participation in environmental protection legislation and are conducive to scientific decision-making by environmental administrative authorities. They have also implemented the State Council’s ”On the implementation of the scientific concept of development to strengthen environmental protection“ on the ”sound social monitoring mechanism“ requirement. It can be said that the promulgation of interim measures is the trend of the times and reality needs. Officials of the State Environmental Protection Administration said that the SEPA will make breakthroughs in the field of environmental impact assessment and promote public participation in environmental affairs effectively. Public participation is a very important part of the environmental impact assessment system. However, in the first 20 years of the implementation of the environmental impact assessment system in China, the relevant laws and regulations have not mentioned the public participation in environmental impact assessment. In 1993, the State Development Planning Commission, the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Finance and the People’s Bank of China jointly promulgated the ”Circular on Strengthening the Administration of Environmental Impact Assessment of Loan Construction Projects Loan by International Financial Organizations“, and first proposed the requirement of public participation in environmental impact assessment . Article 7 of the Notice stipulates: ”Public participation is environmental impact