我们现在知道九十多种化学元素中共有六十多种是金属。除铁以外的金属,在工业上最重要的是铜、铅、锡、锌、镍、铝六种,次要的是钨、锑、铋、镉、镁、汞及金、银;其中有好几种主要是为做合金用的。此外沿有铬、钴、钒、钼、钛、铀、锆等专用在合金中的。兹将铜、铁、铝镁、钨五种金属与其合金的进展史叙述于下。人类知用金属,确是有史以前的事。最早一种金属被人类利用的是铜,因为铜是自然出现的,并且柔软而易于捶击成器。后来又发见从矿石如氧化铜中极易提炼得铜。大约后来又发见铜中如含少许的锡就更坚硬,这是第一种人造的合金。古时 We now know that there are more than 60 kinds of metals in more than 90 kinds of chemical elements. The most important metals in the industry are copper, lead, tin, zinc, nickel and aluminum, with the exception of iron. The secondary ones are tungsten, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, magnesium, mercury, gold and silver. Several are mainly used for alloys. In addition along the chromium, cobalt, vanadium, molybdenum, titanium, uranium, zirconium and other special alloys. The history of the progress of the five metals of copper, iron, aluminum-magnesium and tungsten and their alloys is described below. It is indeed a historic event for mankind to know the metal. The first metal to be used by humans is copper, because copper is naturally occurring and soft and easy to hammer into. Later found that from the ore, such as copper oxide can be easily extracted from copper. It was later harder to find that the tin contained a little tin, which was the first man-made alloy. Ancient time