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英语中大多数介词后面接的都是名词和动词的ing形式,而with这个介词比较特殊,其后还可接动名词之外的结构。我们一起看一下With的复合结构。所谓with复合结构,就是with后面接名词或者代词做宾语,再加上形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或者过去分词在句中做状语。①With the door open, he went out.②With the light on.I fell asleep.③With a book in his hand,the teacher came in.④With a lot of work to do, I had to stay up.⑤With the work finished,I can sleep now.⑥With him helping me. I passed the exam.
那么,复合结构中不同的动词形式有什么区别呢?动词不定式包括两种to do和to be done。两者表示的都是将要发生的动作,区别在于:用to do形式动作的发出者在句中能找到,而to be done形式的动作的发出者在句中找不到。例如:With an exam to take, I have to prepare. With an exam to be held, I have to prepare.两个句子的共同点在于考试这件事还没发生,因此确定用to do或者to be done形式。区别不在于不定式和exam是主动还是被动关系,而是看take和hold的动作发出者能否在句中找到。第一个例子I我能发出take an exam参加考试这个动作。第二例子中hold an exam举行考试这个动作的发出者在整个句中找不到,因此用to be done形式。现在分词形式表示分词和其前面的名词构成主动关系,并且动作正进行或者发生过。例如:With LiLei leading the way, I found the station easily.
过去分词表示宾语补足语和宾语构成被动关系。例如:With his work finished, he went swimming.要熟练掌握“With”复合结构,关键是多练。以下是几道练习题。
①John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work( ), he gladly accepted it. A.finished、B.finishing、C.having finished、D.was finished
②I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise( ).A.going on、B.goes on、 C.went on、D.to go on
③( )our food ( ), we had to walk to a village for help. A.Since,runs out;B.Because,run out;C.With,running out;D.For,running out
④With a lot of work( ), I couldn’t go to see the doctor. A.to do、B.doing、C.done、D.has done
答案:A、A、C、A.
(辽宁省普兰店三十八中学)
那么,复合结构中不同的动词形式有什么区别呢?动词不定式包括两种to do和to be done。两者表示的都是将要发生的动作,区别在于:用to do形式动作的发出者在句中能找到,而to be done形式的动作的发出者在句中找不到。例如:With an exam to take, I have to prepare. With an exam to be held, I have to prepare.两个句子的共同点在于考试这件事还没发生,因此确定用to do或者to be done形式。区别不在于不定式和exam是主动还是被动关系,而是看take和hold的动作发出者能否在句中找到。第一个例子I我能发出take an exam参加考试这个动作。第二例子中hold an exam举行考试这个动作的发出者在整个句中找不到,因此用to be done形式。现在分词形式表示分词和其前面的名词构成主动关系,并且动作正进行或者发生过。例如:With LiLei leading the way, I found the station easily.
过去分词表示宾语补足语和宾语构成被动关系。例如:With his work finished, he went swimming.要熟练掌握“With”复合结构,关键是多练。以下是几道练习题。
①John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work( ), he gladly accepted it. A.finished、B.finishing、C.having finished、D.was finished
②I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise( ).A.going on、B.goes on、 C.went on、D.to go on
③( )our food ( ), we had to walk to a village for help. A.Since,runs out;B.Because,run out;C.With,running out;D.For,running out
④With a lot of work( ), I couldn’t go to see the doctor. A.to do、B.doing、C.done、D.has done
答案:A、A、C、A.
(辽宁省普兰店三十八中学)