论文部分内容阅读
一、主谓一致的基本原则
现代英语主谓一致大致要遵循以下三条原则：
1. 语法一致原则。主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Susan goes to work by bus every day. 苏珊每天坐公共汽车上班。
The boys are playing basketball there. 那些男孩在那边打篮球。
2. 意义一致原则。主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义决定。例如：
The class are busying writing English passages. 班上同学在忙于写英语短文。
The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology. 美国是一个科技先进的发达国家。
3. 就近原则。谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语。由either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接或由here, there等引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。例如：
Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice. 我的朋友们和我都不能说服他接受我们的意见。
Either he or she has broken the window, for there is no one else there. 不是他就是她打破了窗户，因为再没有别人。
There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老师和五十个同学。
二、相关知识点讲析
1. 并列结构作主语时的情况
并列结构作主语，谓语一般用复数，例如：
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意：当主语由and连接时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
2. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致的情况
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。
3. 谓语动词常用单数的情况
（1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如：
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
（2）表示时间、距离、重量、体积、金钱的复数名词，作主语时作为整体来看待，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me. 5000美元对于我来说是一大笔钱。
Ten years has passed but he didn’t change at all. 10年过去了，但他一点都没变。
（3）“a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词一般用单数形式。
A series of accidents has occurred recently in America. 最近在美国发生了一系列的事故。
A pair of new glasses is quite expensive. 一副新眼镜是相当昂贵的。
（4）事件、机构、国名、作品等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace. 联合国是维护世界和平的机构。
4． 谓语动词常用复数的情况
（1）“the +形容词”作主语，在表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor are often looked down upon by the rich. 穷人经常被富人看不起。
The young have respect for the old in China. 在中国，年轻人尊重老年人。
（2）a number of, a lot of, any of, most of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of修饰复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。
Most of the teachers are responsible and knowledgeable. 大多数老师是负责任的并且知识丰富的。
A number of books have been published on the subject. 很多有关这个科目的书籍出版了。
None of the books attract me a lot. 所有这些书都吸引不了我。
注意：the number of表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。
The number of foreign visitors to China has been increasing over the last several years. 近几年来，到中国来旅游的外国人的数量一直在增长。
5． 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
（1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：
All is right.一切顺利。
All are present.人都到齐了。
（2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：
His family isn’t very large. 他家成员不多。
His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：
Are there any police around？附近有警察吗？
练习：
1． Neither the driver nor the passengers on the bus ___during their drive across the small bridge.
A. was frightened B. is frightened
C. are frightened D. were frightened
2． There ___my wife and children to consider.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
3． The old ___taken good care of in our country.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
4. A new type of car ___now on show.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
5. A red rose, together with a letter,____left on the table.
A. are B. is C. were D. are being
6. Two hours ___the limit of this test.
A. are B. has been C. be gone D. is
7. That family ___ very pleased about the news of William’s success.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. The singer and dancer ___here.
A. has left B. were C. have left D. leaves
9. He is one of the boys who always ___well at school.
A. does B. do C. did D. done
10. Not only the flowers but also the vase___.
A. are gone B. was gone C. be gone D. has gone
11．The number of accidents in this city___.
A.has increased B.were increased
C.have been increased D.haveincreased
12.Every boy and girl in the village ____been invited to the dancing party.
A.have B.are C.has D.were
13．According to him,a series of discussions___held about the project.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
14．All but one___here just now.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
15.His Selected Poems___first published in 1965.
A.were B.was C.has been D.is
Keys：
1—5 DACAB 6—10 DBABA 11—15 ACADB
编辑/梁宇清
现代英语主谓一致大致要遵循以下三条原则：
1. 语法一致原则。主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Susan goes to work by bus every day. 苏珊每天坐公共汽车上班。
The boys are playing basketball there. 那些男孩在那边打篮球。
2. 意义一致原则。主语和谓语的一致不是由主语的语法形式来决定，而是由主语所表达的意义决定。例如：
The class are busying writing English passages. 班上同学在忙于写英语短文。
The United States is a developed country which has advanced science and technology. 美国是一个科技先进的发达国家。
3. 就近原则。谓语动词的单、复数取决于最靠近它的主语。由either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also连接或由here, there等引导的句子，谓语动词遵循这一原则。例如：
Neither my friends nor I was able to persuade him to accept our advice. 我的朋友们和我都不能说服他接受我们的意见。
Either he or she has broken the window, for there is no one else there. 不是他就是她打破了窗户，因为再没有别人。
There is a teacher and fifty students in the classroom. 教室里有一位老师和五十个同学。
二、相关知识点讲析
1. 并列结构作主语时的情况
并列结构作主语，谓语一般用复数，例如：
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意：当主语由and连接时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
2. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致的情况
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating. 他和我想去划船。
3. 谓语动词常用单数的情况
（1）代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时，或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如：
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
（2）表示时间、距离、重量、体积、金钱的复数名词，作主语时作为整体来看待，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：
Five thousands dollars is quite a large sum of money to me. 5000美元对于我来说是一大笔钱。
Ten years has passed but he didn’t change at all. 10年过去了，但他一点都没变。
（3）“a portion of , a series of, a kind of, a body of, a species of, a pair of+名词”作主语时，其谓语动词一般用单数形式。
A series of accidents has occurred recently in America. 最近在美国发生了一系列的事故。
A pair of new glasses is quite expensive. 一副新眼镜是相当昂贵的。
（4）事件、机构、国名、作品等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
The United Nations is an organization to defend world peace. 联合国是维护世界和平的机构。
4． 谓语动词常用复数的情况
（1）“the +形容词”作主语，在表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数。
The poor are often looked down upon by the rich. 穷人经常被富人看不起。
The young have respect for the old in China. 在中国，年轻人尊重老年人。
（2）a number of, a lot of, any of, most of, the rest of, some of, none of, all of修饰复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。
Most of the teachers are responsible and knowledgeable. 大多数老师是负责任的并且知识丰富的。
A number of books have been published on the subject. 很多有关这个科目的书籍出版了。
None of the books attract me a lot. 所有这些书都吸引不了我。
注意：the number of表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数。
The number of foreign visitors to China has been increasing over the last several years. 近几年来，到中国来旅游的外国人的数量一直在增长。
5． 指代意义决定谓语的单复数
（1）代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：
All is right.一切顺利。
All are present.人都到齐了。
（2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如：
His family isn’t very large. 他家成员不多。
His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：
Are there any police around？附近有警察吗？
练习：
1． Neither the driver nor the passengers on the bus ___during their drive across the small bridge.
A. was frightened B. is frightened
C. are frightened D. were frightened
2． There ___my wife and children to consider.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
3． The old ___taken good care of in our country.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
4. A new type of car ___now on show.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
5. A red rose, together with a letter,____left on the table.
A. are B. is C. were D. are being
6. Two hours ___the limit of this test.
A. are B. has been C. be gone D. is
7. That family ___ very pleased about the news of William’s success.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
8. The singer and dancer ___here.
A. has left B. were C. have left D. leaves
9. He is one of the boys who always ___well at school.
A. does B. do C. did D. done
10. Not only the flowers but also the vase___.
A. are gone B. was gone C. be gone D. has gone
11．The number of accidents in this city___.
A.has increased B.were increased
C.have been increased D.haveincreased
12.Every boy and girl in the village ____been invited to the dancing party.
A.have B.are C.has D.were
13．According to him,a series of discussions___held about the project.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
14．All but one___here just now.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
15.His Selected Poems___first published in 1965.
A.were B.was C.has been D.is
Keys：
1—5 DACAB 6—10 DBABA 11—15 ACADB
编辑/梁宇清