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目的查清我国高砷水地区分布,开展影响我国地方性砷中毒(地砷病)防治工作的重点突出问题研究。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法进行环境砷筛查和砷中毒病情调查,通过专家组现场考察方法进行疑似地砷病病区判定,用招投标方法进行高砷暴露对妇女和儿童危害的研究,以培训、集会和入户访谈方法进行健康教育。结果在12个省的190个县调查了345 942处饮用水水源含砷量,新查出超标井20 591口;调查了33 546名18岁以上成人,查出地砷病患者3 761人;陕西省秦巴山区是我国第二个燃煤污染型砷病病区,四川省、安徽省存大饮水高砷区;初步观察到高砷环境对儿童智商、新生儿畸形率和孕妇产生影响;发放了32．7 万份健康教育宣传品;进行了燃煤污染型地砷病防治试点。结论国际合作项目对减轻我国砷中毒危害起到了积极作用。
Objective To investigate the distribution of high-arsenic water in China and to study the key issues that affect the prevention and control of endemic arsenism in China. Methods Arsenic trioxide and arsenic poisoning were investigated by on-the-spot epidemiological investigation. The suspected arsenic ward was determined by field investigation method. The bidding method was used to study the harm of arsenic to women and children. Health education through training, assembly and home interview. Results Arsenic in 345 942 drinking water sources was investigated in 190 counties of 12 provinces and 20 591 newly exceeded wells were identified. A total of 33 546 adults aged 18 and over were surveyed, and 3 761 persons with arsenic deficiency were detected. The Qinba Mountains in Shaanxi Province is the second coal-burning arsenic-affected area in our country, with high arsenic concentration in drinking water in Sichuan and Anhui Provinces. The high arsenic environment has been found to affect children’s IQ, neonatal deformity and pregnant women. 323,000 health education educational materials were distributed; pilot programs on prevention and treatment of arsenic pollution caused by coal-burning were conducted. Conclusion International cooperation projects have played a positive role in alleviating arsenic poisoning in China.