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现代分析科学的整体发展对分析方法的灵敏度、选择性以及快速响应等有了更高的要求。在单分子水平上实现对目标分子的检测及控制是化学家们长期以来梦寐以求的一项富有挑战性的前沿领域,也是近年来分析科学很重要的前沿发展方向。用电化学方法直接检测单分子面临的一项挑战是单个分子在氧化还原过程中得失电子产生的电流变化太小,现代仪器无法对如此小的电流进行识别。使电极表面氧化还原过程中的电子交换实现多次循环可以放大产生的电流,从而实现单分子水平的直接电化学分析。本文对近期通过循环电子交换过程放大电流信号的技术和装置进行了综述,将各类方法进行对比,并对单分子电化学未来的发展方向进行了展望。
The overall development of modern analytical science has higher requirements on the sensitivity, selectivity and quick response of analytical methods. At the molecular level, the detection and control of target molecules is a challenging frontier that chemists have long been dreaming of. It is also a frontier direction for analyzing science in recent years. One of the challenges with electrochemical detection of single molecules directly is the small change in current produced by the individual molecules in the redox process, which modern instruments are unable to recognize. Multiple cycles of electron exchange during the redox process of the electrode surface can amplify the resulting current, enabling direct electrochemical analysis at the single molecule level. In this paper, the recent technologies and devices for amplifying the current signal through the cyclic electronic exchange process are reviewed. Various methods are compared and the future development direction of single-molecule electrochemical is prospected.