一、园林基础理论(一)园林概念。在一定的地域运用工程技术和艺术手段,通过改造地形(或进一步筑山、叠石、理水)、种植树木花草、营造建筑和布置园路等途径创作而成的美的自然环境和游憩境域,就称为园林。园林包括庭园、宅园、小游园、花园、公园、植物园、动物园等,随着园林学科的发展,还包括森林公园、广场、街道、风景名胜区、自然保护区或国家公园的游览区以及休养胜地。(二)园林分类。根据不同的角度,园林可分为以下类别:以历史来区分有古典园林与现代园林;以地域来区分有中国园林与西方园林;以规模来区分有森林园林、城市园林和庭园;以功能来区 First, the basic theory of garden (a) concept of garden. In a certain area, using the engineering techniques and artistic means, the beautiful natural environment and recreation area created by means of transforming the terrain (or further building mountains, stoning, water management), planting trees and flowers, creating buildings and arranging garden roads, etc., It is called garden. The garden includes the garden, house garden, small garden, garden, park, botanical garden, zoo, etc. With the development of garden science, it also includes forest parks, squares, streets, scenic spots, nature reserves or national parks and recreation areas . (B) garden classification. According to different perspectives, gardens can be divided into the following categories: the historical distinction between classical gardens and modern gardens; geographical distinction between Chinese gardens and Western gardens; to scale to distinguish between forest gardens, urban gardens and gardens; to function Area