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本文介绍一种新型岩石材料试验机——FM型刚性试验机的设计。刚性试验机的系统刚度比岩石材料的刚度大,因此载荷达峰值后试件能在稳定状态下发生破坏,从而可以显示峰值前后应力——应变的全部图形。本机器可用来研究岩石破坏的全过程,用以揭示岩石和岩体在重力载荷下真实的力学行为。这种研究对于探求岩石破坏机理,完善强度理论,改革现有岩体工程设计准则(由极限应力准则过渡到极限应变准则)以及解决岩体工程的稳定问题都具有十分重要的意义。本文对岩石材料全破坏过程所做的各种结论也适用于其它脆性材料,尤其是混凝土。FM型刚性试验机结构简单,(计算)成本较低,目前我国电液伺服材料试验机正在研究试制阶段,研究此种机器对于科研与教学都有相当的意义,同时也是填补国内的一项先进实验手段的空白。
This article describes a new type of rock material testing machine - FM-type rigid test machine design. Stiffness testing machine system stiffness than rock material stiffness, so the peak load load after the specimen can be damaged in the steady state, which can display the peak before and after stress-strain of the entire graph. The machine can be used to study the whole process of rock failure to reveal the true mechanical behavior of rock and rock mass under gravity load. This kind of research is very important for exploring the rock failure mechanism, improving the strength theory, reforming the existing rock engineering design criteria (from the ultimate stress criterion to the ultimate strain criterion), and solving the stability problems of the rock mass engineering. The various conclusions made in this paper about the total failure of rock materials also apply to other brittle materials, especially to concrete. FM type rigid testing machine has the advantages of simple structure, low cost (calculation), at present, China’s electro-hydraulic servo material testing machine is studying the trial production stage. It is of great significance to study such machines for scientific research and teaching as well as to fill a domestic advanced Blank of experimental methods.