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捻党(1808—1851年) 清代中叶农民反地主反清廷的结社组织。其产生,可以追溯到清代康熙年间即十七世纪中叶,但到1808年(嘉庆十三年)官书上才有正式的记载。其活动地点是安徽、江苏、河南、山东和湖北边区。而最初的发源地,是淮北的淝水和涡河流域。捻党来源于清代早期农民的反清结社组织,曾经有许多名称,如八卦教、义和拳、白莲教、捻党、盐枭、虎尾鞭、掖刀会、红胡子、白撞手等。后来逐渐形成为三支力量:八卦教与白莲教等结合,成为北方的反清组织;捻党与盐枭等结合,成为中部的反清组织;义和拳与虎尾鞭等结合,到二十世纪之初,爆发了义和团运动。参加捻党的成员,以贫苦农民为主体,还有渔民、饥民、私盐贩、白莲教徒、船夫、手工业者、衙役,并有镇压白莲教起义中裁撤的乡勇。在捻党活动初期农民并不占多数,游民群众为数较多并成为其中的骨干。
Twisting Party (1808-1851) The mid-Qing peasant anti-landlord anti-Qing organization of association. Its origins can be traced back to the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the mid-seventeenth century, but it was not officially documented until 1808 (Jiaqing thirteen years). Its location is Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong and Hubei border. The initial birthplace is the Huai River and the Swathed River. Twisting parties originated from the anti-Qing association of peasants in the early Qing Dynasty. There were many names such as the Eight Dialect, Boxers, White Lotus, Silkworm, Salt Owls, Tiger Tweed, Tweed, Red Beard, and White Collider. Later, it gradually formed into three forces: the combination of Eight Diagrams with the White Lotus and other religions and became the anti-Qing organization in the north; the combination of the twisting party and the salt owl became the anti-Qing organization in the central part; combining Yihequan with the tiger tweezers to the twentieth century At the beginning of the Boxer Movement broke out. The members of the Party of the Twist Party, mainly poor peasants, fishermen, starving people, salt brokers, White Lotus, boatmen, handicraftsmen and runners, and the suppression of township courage in the suppression of the White Lotus uprising. In the early stage of the party, the peasants did not occupy the majority, and the masses of the tourists were numerous and became the backbone.