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堆肥可以杀灭病原菌、抑制杂草、缓慢释放养分、改良土壤、保持水分,是农业可持续发展的重要措施。堆肥过程中释放出大量温室气体尤其是甲烷,对全球环境变化产生重要影响。本研究通过量化比较不同堆肥方式下温室气体排放规律和排放量,以期实现减少堆肥堆制过程中温室气体排放的堆放方式。采用静态箱法研究了强制通风加过磷酸钙、强制通风不加过磷酸钙、翻堆通风加过磷酸钙、翻堆通风不加过磷酸钙四种处理的温室气体排放量。76天堆肥结束时,翻堆处理总有机碳降解51%-55%,强制通风降解大约44%。翻堆加过磷酸钙和不加过磷酸钙处理的甲烷排放量分别为15.35和15.27 g Mg-1堆料,高于强制通风处理排放量(加过磷酸钙和不加过磷酸钙处理分别为7.76 g Mg-1堆料和3.22 g Mg-1堆料)。在N2O排放量上,强制通风处理小于0.1%初始含氮量,翻堆处理约为0.1%初始氮。通风和翻堆过程中能量消耗分别相当于3.27、3.4、12.29和11.89 kg CO2-C Mg-1 堆料。过磷酸钙对温室气体排放影响很小,可能是大量秸秆作为堆肥填充料的加入保持了肥堆的高孔隙度和良好的通风条件。因此虽然强制通风堆肥可以节省空间且操作方便 ,在大规模集约化处理畜禽粪便时广泛应用,但翻堆通风由于其低建设成本和低温室气体排放量,以及较高的有机质分解效率,更适宜在我国农村采用。
Composting can kill pathogens, restrain weeds, release nutrients slowly, improve soil, and maintain water. It is an important measure for the sustainable development of agriculture. The release of large quantities of greenhouse gases, especially methane, during composting has a significant impact on global environmental change. In this study, we quantified and compared the emission laws and emissions of greenhouse gases under different composting modes with a view to reducing the amount of greenhouse gases emitted during the composting process. The static box method was used to study the greenhouse gas emissions of forced ventilation plus superphosphate, forced ventilation without superphosphate, turndown ventilation plus superphosphate, turret ventilation without superphosphate treatment. At the end of the 76-day composting period, total organic carbon degradation was 51% -55% in turn-over treatment and about 44% in forced-ventilation degradation. Methane emissions from refilling plus and without calcium superphosphate were 15.35 and 15.27 g Mg-1 respectively, higher than those from forced ventilation treatment (with and without calcium superphosphate, respectively 7.76 g Mg-1 stock and 3.22 g Mg-1 stock). For N2O emissions, forced-draft treatment is less than 0.1% of initial nitrogen and turn-over is about 0.1% of initial nitrogen. The energy consumption during ventilation and turning-over is equivalent to 3.27, 3.4, 12.29 and 11.89 kg CO2-C Mg-1 respectively. Superphosphate has little effect on greenhouse gas emissions. It is possible that a large amount of straw is added as compost filler to maintain the high porosity and good ventilation of the compost. Therefore, although forced ventilation compost can be space-saving and convenient to operate, it is widely used in large-scale intensive treatment of livestock and poultry manure. However, due to its low construction cost, low greenhouse gas emissions and high organic matter decomposition efficiency, Suitable for use in our country’s rural areas.