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在英语中有许多的固定搭配,其中有些固定搭配的用法非常灵活,同学们在使用时要特别注意。现在我们大家一起来闯闯“too...to...”这一固定搭配意义、用法关。
一、基本意义
“too...to...”的基本意义是“太……而不能……”,因而它虽是肯定结构表示的却是否定意义。其基本结构为:“too+形容词(副词)+to+动词原形 ”,这里的too可不能用very或quite来代替哟。请看例句:
That boy is too young to go to school.
那个男孩太小不能上学。
The water is too dirty to drink.
这水太脏了,不能喝。
二、不定式的逻辑主语
在“too...to...”结构中句子的主语有时是后面动词不定式的主语,有时则不是后面动词不定式的主语,此时如果我们要将该不定式的主语表达出来,可在不定式前加上介词for。例如:
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
那箱子太重了,我搬不动。
The tea is too hot for your little brother to drink.
茶太热,你的小弟弟不能喝。
三、不定式中动词的宾语
当句子的主语不是后面动词不定式中动词的动作对象时,在后面的动词不定式中动词可以有自己的宾语,但如果句子的主语是后面动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,则该动词不定式中的动词后不可再用代词作宾语了。例如:
You are too late to catch the early train.
你们太迟了,赶不上早班火车了。(catch的宾语为 the early train,而不是句子的主语you)
The book is too difficult for us to read.
那本书太难了, 我们看不懂。(read的逻辑宾语为句子的主语 the book ,其后不可再用it作宾语)
四、不定式中的动词
当不定式的逻辑主语为句子的主语时,该动词不定式应为及物动词,否则应在动词后加上适当的介词或副词,该介词或副词不可漏掉。例如:
The problem is too difficult for us to work out.
那道题太难了,我们算不出来。(out不可丢)
The ice is too thin to skate on.
冰太薄,不能滑。(skate 是不及物动词,不可说skate the ice 只可说skate on the ice 故on 不可丢)
五、句型改写
“too...to...”结构常可用来改写句子,它可以和“so...that...”结构互相进行改写,在进行改写时应特别注意其中代词的有无。它也可以和“enough to do”结构互相进行改写,此时应注意句子主语的变化。例如:
Jack walks very fast.We can’t catch up with him.
→Jack walks too fast for us to catch up with.(with后不可加him)
→Jack walks so fast that we can’t catch up with him. (with后的him不可丢)
→We don’t walk fast enough to catch up with Jack.
杰克走得太快了,我们跟不上他。
[练一练]
1. The problem is ______hard to solve.
A. very B. enough C. so D. too
2. The armchair is too small ______ the fat woman _____.
A. to, to sit inB. for, to sit C. for, to sit inD. of, to sit in
3. The river is too dirty______.
A. to swim inB. to swim in it C. swimmingD. to swim
4. It’s very noisy in the classroom. I can’t do my homework there.(改为同义句)
(1)It’s ___________ in the classroom_____ _____ _____ _____ my homework.
(2)It’s not _____ _____in the classroom_____ _____ _____ _____ my homework.
(3)It’s _____ _____in the classroom_____ I can’t do my homework there.
Key:1. D 2. C 3. A4. (1)too noisy,for me to do (2)quiet enough, for me to do (3)so noisy, that
一、基本意义
“too...to...”的基本意义是“太……而不能……”,因而它虽是肯定结构表示的却是否定意义。其基本结构为:“too+形容词(副词)+to+动词原形 ”,这里的too可不能用very或quite来代替哟。请看例句:
That boy is too young to go to school.
那个男孩太小不能上学。
The water is too dirty to drink.
这水太脏了,不能喝。
二、不定式的逻辑主语
在“too...to...”结构中句子的主语有时是后面动词不定式的主语,有时则不是后面动词不定式的主语,此时如果我们要将该不定式的主语表达出来,可在不定式前加上介词for。例如:
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
那箱子太重了,我搬不动。
The tea is too hot for your little brother to drink.
茶太热,你的小弟弟不能喝。
三、不定式中动词的宾语
当句子的主语不是后面动词不定式中动词的动作对象时,在后面的动词不定式中动词可以有自己的宾语,但如果句子的主语是后面动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,则该动词不定式中的动词后不可再用代词作宾语了。例如:
You are too late to catch the early train.
你们太迟了,赶不上早班火车了。(catch的宾语为 the early train,而不是句子的主语you)
The book is too difficult for us to read.
那本书太难了, 我们看不懂。(read的逻辑宾语为句子的主语 the book ,其后不可再用it作宾语)
四、不定式中的动词
当不定式的逻辑主语为句子的主语时,该动词不定式应为及物动词,否则应在动词后加上适当的介词或副词,该介词或副词不可漏掉。例如:
The problem is too difficult for us to work out.
那道题太难了,我们算不出来。(out不可丢)
The ice is too thin to skate on.
冰太薄,不能滑。(skate 是不及物动词,不可说skate the ice 只可说skate on the ice 故on 不可丢)
五、句型改写
“too...to...”结构常可用来改写句子,它可以和“so...that...”结构互相进行改写,在进行改写时应特别注意其中代词的有无。它也可以和“enough to do”结构互相进行改写,此时应注意句子主语的变化。例如:
Jack walks very fast.We can’t catch up with him.
→Jack walks too fast for us to catch up with.(with后不可加him)
→Jack walks so fast that we can’t catch up with him. (with后的him不可丢)
→We don’t walk fast enough to catch up with Jack.
杰克走得太快了,我们跟不上他。
[练一练]
1. The problem is ______hard to solve.
A. very B. enough C. so D. too
2. The armchair is too small ______ the fat woman _____.
A. to, to sit inB. for, to sit C. for, to sit inD. of, to sit in
3. The river is too dirty______.
A. to swim inB. to swim in it C. swimmingD. to swim
4. It’s very noisy in the classroom. I can’t do my homework there.(改为同义句)
(1)It’s ___________ in the classroom_____ _____ _____ _____ my homework.
(2)It’s not _____ _____in the classroom_____ _____ _____ _____ my homework.
(3)It’s _____ _____in the classroom_____ I can’t do my homework there.
Key:1. D 2. C 3. A4. (1)too noisy,for me to do (2)quiet enough, for me to do (3)so noisy, that