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目的:探讨某中小学风疹暴发的原因及危险因素，发现风疹防控工作中存在的问题，制定有效的防控措施。方法:通过现场查阅医疗机构门诊登记日志、学校晨午检记录等方法，确定病例定义，搜索2019年4月1日至5月16日期间病例。结果:共搜索病例64例，罹患率为10.19%（64/628）。疫情持续37 d，流行曲线显示为人传人模式，共发生3代传播，波及5个年级、5个班。该学校初中发病危险是小学发病的60.36倍，n RR值为60.36（95%n CI: 22.36~162.93）。宿舍的续发率为31.67%（19/60）。该校初中学生均无风疹疫苗接种史，为免疫空白人群。n 结论:此次暴发疫情是一起由人传人引起的，主要由于传染源发现和管理不及时、人群免疫空白、应急接种不及时、未建立有效免疫屏障、晨午检落实不到位，以及未配备专职校医等原因综合造成。“,”Objective:To investigate the causes and risk factors of the rubella outbreak, so as to find the problems in the prevention and control of rubella and to formulate effective prevention and control measures.Methods:The case definition was established by reviewing the log files in outpatients of medical institutions and field examination of morning and noon inspection records. The cases from April 1 to May 16, 2019 were searched accordingly.Results:A total of 64 cases met the case definition and the prevalence rate was 10.19% (64/628). The outbreak lasted for 37 days, and the epidemic curve showed a human-to-human transmission pattern with three generations of cases. Five grades and 5 classes were affected. The risk of infection in the middle school was 60.36 times higher than that of the primary school with an RR value of 60.36 (95%n CI: 22.36-162.93). The recurrence rate in dormitory was 31.67% (19/60). There was no history of rubella vaccination among students in the middle school.n Conclusions:The outbreak was caused by human-to-human transmission, mainly due to multiple reasons, including delayed discovery and management of the source of infection, populational immunity blank, delayed emergency vaccination, the untimely establishement of effective immunological barrier, and the inadequate implementation of the morning and noon inspection as well as no full-time school medical doctor.