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美国国立卫生研究院(NIH)是闻名世界的一个生物医学研究机构。二次大战后期,美科学研究局撤消后,它开始负责国家卫生科研经费的分配,通过定向拨款和签订合同,推进与健康事业有关的各项科学研究。由于NIH的努力,使美军在二次世界大战期间的死亡率由一次大战时的14.1%下降到了0.6‰,黄热病、斑疹伤寒、破伤风、霍乱、脑膜炎等疾病也得到了有效的控制。事实证明健康事业的科学研究为美国作出了重大的贡献。战后在普遍重视生活、福利、健康的良好气氛下,NIH赢得了政府更多的财政经费,同时也作出了更大的贡献。1987年是NIH的一百周年,在纪年会上前任主任Robert Q.Marston及Donald S.Fredriekson对NIH的光荣历史和它将对世界生物医学研究所起的作用作了回顾和展望,下面是Marston博士所作的题为“决策困境”的报告。
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is a world-renowned biomedical research institute. After the withdrawal of the U.S. Bureau of Scientific Research in the latter part of World War II, it began to take charge of the distribution of national health research funding and promoted various scientific research related to health undertakings through directional appropriation and signing of contracts. Due to the efforts of the NIH, the U.S. military's mortality rate during World War II dropped from 14.1% in World War I to 0.6%. Other diseases such as yellow fever, typhus, tetanus, cholera and meningitis were also effective control. Scientific research on health has proved to have made a significant contribution to the United States. After the war, with the good atmosphere of universally attaching importance to life, well-being and health, the NIH won more government funding and made greater contributions. 1987 marks the centenary of the NIH, where past presidents Robert Q. Marston and Donald S. Fredriekson reviewed and glorified the glorious history of the NIH and its role in world biomedical research. The following are Marston Dr. made a report entitled “Decision Dilemma” report.