论文部分内容阅读
七选五阅读填空是近几年在宁夏、海南和北京等省、市高考英语试卷中出现的一种综合测试阅读理解的新题型。该题主要考查考生对文章的整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
命题特点
本题型的阅读材料是一篇长度为180—300词的短文，文中有五处空白，分别在各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。文后有七句话（均为完整句子），要求我们根据文章结构、内容从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。由于给出的选项中，有的选项区分度不大，试题的难度比常规阅读试题有所增加，而且会出现由于一处误选导致多处错答的后果。
命题规律
七选五阅读填空不仅要求我们对所读短文的主旨要义、具体信息有所了解，更要能够把握全篇文脉和作者的谋篇思路。故此，所选材料通常是我们所熟悉的大众化话题，一般多为说明文，也有议论文和记叙文，正文与选项累计词数在300—350。短文不会少于三个自然段，不会在同一个自然段设两个以上的空白。文章的第一句不会设空（有小标题的题除外）。所留空白处一般是段落主题句、段落总结句、承上启下句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等。所给的七个选项中有两个选项与正确选项干扰性较大。
解题策略
1．通读全文，勾勒连接词语，理清语段的句际关系。
构成语段的各个句子之间存在句际关系，文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但他们所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，这种语脉从逻辑意义上来看，存在并列、顺序（时间、空间）、递进、转折、总分、归纳、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。
2．利用关键词解题，一般空格的正确选项与紧邻的上下句都有明显的关键词在起作用，所以只要找出空格上一句或下一句当中的关键词，然后在七个选项中找出同样的关键词，就能准确地确定选项。
3．正确理解七个选项的内在含义，推测各项的使用语境。
4．从句意、语境包括语法功能及句子的长度来比较分析各选项。
5．适当采用排除法，根据文章的逻辑关系排除不恰当选项。
典型例题
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Olympic Weightlifting
While weightlifting is used in many sports and athletic training, Olympic weightlifting is the name of the official sport name.1There are special conditions they have to meet in order to compete: body weight, height and strength.
2How fast and with what level of mobility（活动性）can the athlete perform the lift? In the competition, both mobility and lifting speed are evaluated together with the athlete’s strength. The techniques specific to the sport are part of the training schemes and programs of many excellent athletes.
The weights used for Olympic weightlifting are added in 1 kilogram. The order by which athletes enter the competition is not general, but it is set depending on the event.3If he/she is not successful, he/she can try later, but there is a maximum of three lifts allowed per competition.
For many decades Olympic weightlifting has been only for men. However, now women also take part in Olympic weightlifting. It was at the dawn of the 21st century that women’s competition entered an organized professional environment. Until then, contests were local and unofficial even if awards were granted. For women, Olympic weightlifting is more difficult.4
Lots of the athletes who’ve ended up in Olympic weightlifting competition have started with strength training only to improve their muscle condition and their body power.5This is how so many lifters have got into Olympic weightlifting competition, even if their initial intention was different.
A. However, there is no clear demarcation（分界线）between power training and Olympic weightlifting.
B. The main specificity of Olympic weightlifting is that it tests the limit of explosive strength.
C. In the competition, athletes try to lift the maximum weight.
D. There are not very many lifters who prefer Olympic weightlifting.
E. It depends on the lifter’s weight class.
F. However, strength training techniques are successful used by women, too.
G. Usually the athlete with the lowest weight begins.
解析：本篇文章是说明文。根据第1空后句子中的关键词compete推断，第1空应该选C，C选项中也有同样的关键词competition。第2空与后面的句子是总分关系，故选B。第3空与后面的句子是并列关系，故选G。第4空，根据前一句中的关键词women及它与前一句之间是转折关系，推断选F（F选项中也有同样的关键词women）。第5空，根据前一句中的关键词power及它与前一句之间是转折关系，推断选A（A选项中也有同样的关键词power）。
Life free to soar（翱翔）
One windy spring day, I observed young people having fun flying their kites. The colorful creations of varied shapes and sizes filled the sky like beautiful birds dancing.1Instead of blowing off, they rose against it to achieve great heights. They shook and pulled, but the strings（线）and the tails kept them in tow, facing upward and against the wind. As the kites struggled and trembled against the strings, they seemed to say, “Let me go! Let me go! I want to be free!” They soared beautifully as they fought the restrictions（限制）of the strings.
2“Free at last,” it seemed to say. “Free to fly with the wind.” Yet freedom from restrictions simply put it at the mercy of the wind.3It lay powerless in the dirt, blew helplessly along the ground, and stayed lifeless against the first obstruction（障碍物）.
4The heaven gives us misfortunes, restrictions, and rules to follow, from which we can grow and gain strength. Restrictions are a necessary counterpart（相对应之物）to the winds of opposition.5Let us each rise to great heights, recognizing that some restrictions that we may face are actually the steady force that helps us succeed and achieve.
A. Finally, one of the kites succeeded in breaking loose.
B. As the strong wind blew against the kites, the strings kept them in check.
C. We should soar in the sky freely.
D. Some people are against the rules so hard that they never achieve their goals.
E. We are sometimes like kites.
F. The kites like to fly in the charge of the strings.
G. It fell to the ground and landed in a mass of weeds.
解析：本篇是夹叙夹议的议论文。第1空与前面句子是并列关系，又根据第1空后句中的关键词blowing推断第1空应该选B，B选项中也有相同的关键词blew。根据第2空与后面句子是因果关系，又根据第2空后句子中的关键词free确定选A，A选项中也有近义关键词loose，（也可以将关键词看成at last 与finally）。根据第3空与上一句是转折关系，又根据第3空后句中的关键词ground推断选G，G选项中也有相同的关键词ground。第4空与下文是总分关系，所以选E。根据第5空与下一句是因果关系，又根据第5空后句子里的关键词achieve推断选D，D选项中也有相同的关键词achieve。
责任编辑 张丹凤
命题特点
本题型的阅读材料是一篇长度为180—300词的短文，文中有五处空白，分别在各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。文后有七句话（均为完整句子），要求我们根据文章结构、内容从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。由于给出的选项中，有的选项区分度不大，试题的难度比常规阅读试题有所增加，而且会出现由于一处误选导致多处错答的后果。
命题规律
七选五阅读填空不仅要求我们对所读短文的主旨要义、具体信息有所了解，更要能够把握全篇文脉和作者的谋篇思路。故此，所选材料通常是我们所熟悉的大众化话题，一般多为说明文，也有议论文和记叙文，正文与选项累计词数在300—350。短文不会少于三个自然段，不会在同一个自然段设两个以上的空白。文章的第一句不会设空（有小标题的题除外）。所留空白处一般是段落主题句、段落总结句、承上启下句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等。所给的七个选项中有两个选项与正确选项干扰性较大。
解题策略
1．通读全文，勾勒连接词语，理清语段的句际关系。
构成语段的各个句子之间存在句际关系，文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但他们所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，这种语脉从逻辑意义上来看，存在并列、顺序（时间、空间）、递进、转折、总分、归纳、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。
2．利用关键词解题，一般空格的正确选项与紧邻的上下句都有明显的关键词在起作用，所以只要找出空格上一句或下一句当中的关键词，然后在七个选项中找出同样的关键词，就能准确地确定选项。
3．正确理解七个选项的内在含义，推测各项的使用语境。
4．从句意、语境包括语法功能及句子的长度来比较分析各选项。
5．适当采用排除法，根据文章的逻辑关系排除不恰当选项。
典型例题
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Olympic Weightlifting
While weightlifting is used in many sports and athletic training, Olympic weightlifting is the name of the official sport name.1There are special conditions they have to meet in order to compete: body weight, height and strength.
2How fast and with what level of mobility（活动性）can the athlete perform the lift? In the competition, both mobility and lifting speed are evaluated together with the athlete’s strength. The techniques specific to the sport are part of the training schemes and programs of many excellent athletes.
The weights used for Olympic weightlifting are added in 1 kilogram. The order by which athletes enter the competition is not general, but it is set depending on the event.3If he/she is not successful, he/she can try later, but there is a maximum of three lifts allowed per competition.
For many decades Olympic weightlifting has been only for men. However, now women also take part in Olympic weightlifting. It was at the dawn of the 21st century that women’s competition entered an organized professional environment. Until then, contests were local and unofficial even if awards were granted. For women, Olympic weightlifting is more difficult.4
Lots of the athletes who’ve ended up in Olympic weightlifting competition have started with strength training only to improve their muscle condition and their body power.5This is how so many lifters have got into Olympic weightlifting competition, even if their initial intention was different.
A. However, there is no clear demarcation（分界线）between power training and Olympic weightlifting.
B. The main specificity of Olympic weightlifting is that it tests the limit of explosive strength.
C. In the competition, athletes try to lift the maximum weight.
D. There are not very many lifters who prefer Olympic weightlifting.
E. It depends on the lifter’s weight class.
F. However, strength training techniques are successful used by women, too.
G. Usually the athlete with the lowest weight begins.
解析：本篇文章是说明文。根据第1空后句子中的关键词compete推断，第1空应该选C，C选项中也有同样的关键词competition。第2空与后面的句子是总分关系，故选B。第3空与后面的句子是并列关系，故选G。第4空，根据前一句中的关键词women及它与前一句之间是转折关系，推断选F（F选项中也有同样的关键词women）。第5空，根据前一句中的关键词power及它与前一句之间是转折关系，推断选A（A选项中也有同样的关键词power）。
Life free to soar（翱翔）
One windy spring day, I observed young people having fun flying their kites. The colorful creations of varied shapes and sizes filled the sky like beautiful birds dancing.1Instead of blowing off, they rose against it to achieve great heights. They shook and pulled, but the strings（线）and the tails kept them in tow, facing upward and against the wind. As the kites struggled and trembled against the strings, they seemed to say, “Let me go! Let me go! I want to be free!” They soared beautifully as they fought the restrictions（限制）of the strings.
2“Free at last,” it seemed to say. “Free to fly with the wind.” Yet freedom from restrictions simply put it at the mercy of the wind.3It lay powerless in the dirt, blew helplessly along the ground, and stayed lifeless against the first obstruction（障碍物）.
4The heaven gives us misfortunes, restrictions, and rules to follow, from which we can grow and gain strength. Restrictions are a necessary counterpart（相对应之物）to the winds of opposition.5Let us each rise to great heights, recognizing that some restrictions that we may face are actually the steady force that helps us succeed and achieve.
A. Finally, one of the kites succeeded in breaking loose.
B. As the strong wind blew against the kites, the strings kept them in check.
C. We should soar in the sky freely.
D. Some people are against the rules so hard that they never achieve their goals.
E. We are sometimes like kites.
F. The kites like to fly in the charge of the strings.
G. It fell to the ground and landed in a mass of weeds.
解析：本篇是夹叙夹议的议论文。第1空与前面句子是并列关系，又根据第1空后句中的关键词blowing推断第1空应该选B，B选项中也有相同的关键词blew。根据第2空与后面句子是因果关系，又根据第2空后句子中的关键词free确定选A，A选项中也有近义关键词loose，（也可以将关键词看成at last 与finally）。根据第3空与上一句是转折关系，又根据第3空后句中的关键词ground推断选G，G选项中也有相同的关键词ground。第4空与下文是总分关系，所以选E。根据第5空与下一句是因果关系，又根据第5空后句子里的关键词achieve推断选D，D选项中也有相同的关键词achieve。
责任编辑 张丹凤