首先实证研究是以“存在一个客观世界”的世界观为前提,其坚信有一个客观世界存在。而实证研究就是通过不断地研究,去接近这个客观的世界。实证主义所推崇的基本原则是科学结论的客观性和普遍性,强调知识必须建立在观察和实验的经验事实上,通过经验观察的数据和实验研究的手段来揭示一般结论,并且要求这种结论在同一条件下具有可证性。根据以上原则,实证性研究方法可以概括为通过对研究对象大量的观察、实验和调查,获取客观材料,从个别到一般,归纳出事物的本质属性和发展规律的一种研究方法。实证性研究的产生:作为一种研究范式,产生于培根的经验哲学和牛顿-伽利略的自然科学研究。法国哲学家孔多塞(1743—1794年)、圣 First of all, empirical research is based on the premise of the world outlook of “existence of an objective world.” It firmly believes that there exists an objective world. The empirical research is through continuous research, to approach this objective world. The basic principle espoused by positivism is the objectivity and universality of scientific conclusions. Emphasis is placed on the fact that knowledge must be based on the facts of observation and experimentation, that empirical findings and experimental studies reveal general conclusions and that such conclusions Under the same conditions are verifiable. Based on the above principles, the empirical research methods can be summarized as a research method to obtain the objective material through a large number of observations, experiments and investigations of the object of study, and from individual to general, summed up the nature of things and the law of development. Emergence of Positivist Studies: As a research paradigm, it comes from Bacon’s empirical philosophy and from Newton-Galileo’s natural sciences. French philosopher Condorcet (1743-1794), Saint