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亚里斯多德的《诗学》中有这样一句话:“比喻是天才的标识”,比喻作为一种运用最广的修辞方式,在文学创作中有着举足轻重的地位。刘勰说:“比之为义,取类不常。”在比喻的王国中,古今中外的杰出的作家往往“期(之)以形而尽相”,殚思竭虑地将抽象的表达化为生动形象的比喻,而大学者钱钟书先生在《旧文四篇》中更是对比喻推祟备至:“比喻正是文学语言的根本,是文学词藻的特色。”《围城》,是钱钟书先生唯一的一部长篇小说,在《围城》中,作者将学者语言与文学语言联袂,创造了大量的比喻,我们阅读它如饮甘霖,芳香盈口,甘甜润心。 《围城》中的比喻数量之多,是其他长篇小说无法相比的。小说题目就蕴含着一个道理深刻、发人深思的比喻,作者把婚姻比作被围困的城堡,“城外的人想冲进去,城里的人想逃出来”。作者在不到280字的《序》中,叙述由于杨绛女士的不断督促,《围城》得以锱铢积累地写完,照例这本书该献给她时,也写了一个近60字的比喻句:“不过,近来觉得献书也像‘致身于国’、‘还政于民’等等佳话,只是语言幻成的空花泡影,名说交付出去,其实只仿佛魔术家玩的飞刀,放手而并没有脱手。”用这个形象生动的比喻来说明“随你怎样把作品奉献给人,作品总是作者自己的”这个事实。在1980年2月写的“重印前?
Aristotle’s Poetics contains the following sentence: “Metaphor is the identification of genius”. As a most widely used rhetorical device, metaphor plays a decisive role in literary creation. Liu Xie said: “Compared with righteousness, taking the category is not often.” Among the metaphorical kingdoms, outstanding writers at all times and in all countries often “phase (shape) and phase with each other,” thinking of abstract expression Vivid image of the metaphor, and the University of Mr. Qian Zhongshu in the “Old Manuscripts” is even more analogy to promote: “Metaphor is the fundamental literary language, literary features.” “Fortress” is The only novel by Mr. Qian Zhongshu, in “Fortress Besieged”, the author, by combining scholarly languages with literary languages, has created a great deal of metaphors. We read it as sweet, fragrant and sweet. The number of metaphors in Fortress Besieged is beyond comparison of any other novel. The novel contains a profound and thought-provoking analogy. The author compares marriage to a besieged castle. “People outside the city want to rush in, and people in the city want to escape.” In less than 280 words of “Preface”, the author states that due to constant supervision by Ms. Yang Jiang, “Fortress Besieged” can be written in the form of a baht. As usual, when this book is dedicated to her, she also wrote a paraphrase of nearly 60 words Sentence: “However, recently, I feel that giving books is also like saying that ’making a living in the country’ and ’repaying politics and people’ are just empty bubbles in the language of illusion. The names are actually delivered. In fact, Knife, let go and did not get rid of. ”Use this vivid analogy to explain“ as you give their work to the people, the work is always the author’s own ”this fact. In February 1980 wrote "before reprinting?