科学的发展从本质上说,是一个进化的过程。它处在一个不断分化而又不断综合的过程之中。科学的发展已从高度分化的阶段再次走向高度综合的时代。早在十九世纪就出现了两门学科综合的交叉学科。如物理化学、生物化学、量子化学等。物理化学是物理学和化学的交叉。生物化学是生物学和化学的交叉。量子化学是量子力学与化学的交叉。人们把两门学科的联系、渗透产生的新的交叉学科称为第一代交叉学科。二十世纪以来,各门自然科学蓬勃发展,学科越分越细,分支学科越来越多,与此同时,学科之间相互渗透,相互交叉,使科学趋于综合化。二次世界大战以来出现了多门学科综合的新学科,如环境科学、空间 In essence, the development of science is an evolutionary process. It is in a constant process of differentiation and consolidation. The development of science has once again moved toward a highly integrated era from a highly differentiated stage. As early as the nineteenth century, two interdisciplinary subjects of interdisciplinarity emerged. Such as physical chemistry, biochemistry, quantum chemistry. Physical chemistry is the intersection of physics and chemistry. Biochemistry is a cross between biology and chemistry. Quantum chemistry is the intersection of quantum mechanics and chemistry. People regard the contact of two disciplines, the new interdisciplinary of infiltration as the first generation of interdisciplinary. Since the twentieth century, all the natural sciences have flourished, their disciplines have become finer and finer, and more and more branches have been developed. At the same time, the disciplines are interpenetrated and interdependent, making science more and more integrated. Since the Second World War, there have been many new disciplines integrated disciplines, such as environmental science, space