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运用HPLC技术分析了54个银杏(Ginkgo biloba)无性系叶总黄酮和萜内酯及其组分含量的差异,并进行了聚类。结果表明,银杏无性系间叶中总黄酮、萜内酯及其组分含量存在遗传变异,且萜内酯及其组分含量的变异系数明显高于总黄酮及其组分。总黄酮含量较高的无性系有18、42、32和50号,其槲皮素、异鼠李素、山奈酚含量均较高。萜内酯含量较高的无性系为13、42、33、51和65号,其银杏内酯A(GA)、银杏内酯B(GB)、银杏内酯C(GC)及白果内酯(BB)含量均较高。通过对总黄酮-萜内酯进行联合复选,显示叶中总黄酮和萜内酯含量均较高的无性系为13、65、33、51、18、32和42号。这些无性系可通过嫁接、扦插直接在银杏采叶园进行推广种植,或作为叶用银杏新品种的育种材料。
The contents of total flavonoids, terpene lactones and their components in 54 Ginkgo biloba clones were analyzed by HPLC and the clustering was carried out. The results showed that the content of total flavonoids, terpene lactones and their components in leaves of Ginkgo biloba were genetic variation, and the coefficients of variation of terpene lactones and their components were significantly higher than that of total flavonoids and their components. Clones with higher total flavonoids were 18, 42, 32 and 50, and the content of quercetin, isorhamnetin and kaempferol were higher. Clones with higher content of terpene lactones were 13, 42, 33, 51 and 65. The ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), ginkgolide C (GC) and bilobalide BB) content is higher. Through the combined testing of flavonoids and terpene lactones, the clones with high content of total flavonoids and terpene lactones in leaves were identified as 13, 65, 33, 51, 18, 32 and 42. These clones can be popularized directly in the Ginkgo biloba leaf garden by grafting, cutting, or as a breeding material for new leaves of Ginkgo biloba.