人类社会究竟应该怎样生存和发展?这似乎已是不言而喻的问题。但自上世纪70年代以来,人类社会遭遇到人口爆炸、资源(含能源)短缺、环境污染等问题的连续冲击,人们开始认真思考,并提出了种种对策与理论。近些年来,学术界不仅从生态环境并且也从社会生态的视角,进 How exactly human society should survive and develop? This seems to be a self-evident question. However, since the 1970s, human beings have suffered continuous attacks on such issues as population explosion, shortage of resources (including energy) and environmental pollution. People began to think hard and put forward various countermeasures and theories. In recent years, academia has advanced not only from the ecological environment but also from the perspective of social ecology