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为探讨台阶式溢洪道水流空化特性,结合某水库实际工程,采用水工模型试验方法,研究了不同流量条件下台阶式溢洪道的流速、压强分布和空化特性。结果表明,在溢流堰段,水流流速沿程逐渐增大,压强沿程逐渐减小,水流空化数也逐渐减小;在台阶段,流速沿程先逐渐增大,在初始掺气点达到最大值后有所下降,随后逐渐增加并趋于某一常数,压强沿程呈波浪式发展,水流空化数也呈波浪式发展;在消力池内,水流流速先逐渐减小,达到最小值后又逐渐增大,压强先逐渐增大,增大到最大值后逐渐减小,然后减小到最小值,再逐渐增大,水流空化数沿程先逐渐增大,达到最大值后逐渐减小;台阶水平面上的空化数从台阶凹角向凸角逐渐增大,竖直面上的空化数从底部向顶部逐渐减小;同时水流空化数随着流量的增加而减小。
In order to investigate the cavitation flow characteristics of stepped spillway, combined with the actual project of a reservoir, the hydraulic model test method was used to study the flow velocity, pressure distribution and cavitation characteristics of the stepped spillway under different flow rates. The results show that in the overflow weir, the flow velocity increases gradually along the flow path, and the pressure decreases along the flow path, and the flow cavitation number also decreases gradually. At the stage, the velocity increases gradually along the flow path. At the initial aeration point After reaching the maximum, it decreased, and then gradually increased and tended to a certain constant. The pressure developed along the course of wave, and the number of water flow cavitation also developed in a wave manner. In the stilling pool, the flow rate of water decreased first and reached the minimum Value and then gradually increased, the pressure first increased gradually increased to the maximum and then decreased, and then reduced to the minimum, and then gradually increased, the number of flow cavitation gradually increases along the first to reach the maximum And the number of cavitations on the vertical plane gradually decreases from the bottom to the top. At the same time, the number of cavitation decreases with the increase of the flow rate .