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本文应用生态学原理和系统工程方法,对黄土丘陵区村级土地合理利用结构及其实施效益进行了研究。结果表明:1、在温凉半干旱黄土丘陵区的村级农业用地结构以牧主型为最好,其次为林牧并重型,而以农主型最差,次差者为林主型。其总产值之比分别为12.3∶10.7∶1∶7.2。其生态指数分别为0.85,0.93.0,0.89;2、以牧主型发展建造的实体模型与理论模型预测结果基本相符,其可信度为93%;3、牧主型优化实体模型较初始状况(农主型)的总经济功能提高6.2倍,3年实践结果,每人平均已实现465公斤粮、355元、900公斤柴,水土流失也减少50%左右。
In this paper, using the principles of ecology and systematic engineering, the rational utilization of village-level land in Loess Hilly region and its implementation efficiency are studied. The results showed as follows: 1. The structure of village agricultural land in warm and semi-arid loess hilly region was the best for the pastoralists, followed by the forest-grazing and heavy-duty ones, while the worst for the farmers and the next worst ones for the forest-type. The ratio of their total output value of 12.3:10.7:1:7.2. The ecological index of the model was 0.85, 0.93.0 and 0.89 respectively. 2. The model of the development and construction based on pastoralism basically conformed to the prediction of the theoretical model, and its reliability was 93%. 3. The model of the pastoral- The overall economic performance of the situation (farmer type) increased by 6.2 times. As a result of the three-year practice, each person has achieved an average of 465 kilograms of grain, 355 yuan and 900 kilograms of diesel, and soil and water loss has also been reduced by 50%.