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明初,由于山东地区人口损耗严重,政府有组织的从其他人口富余地区迁移了大批民众到山东定居生活,从而在山东半岛形成了多个方向的人口流动的状况。本文试就当地广泛分布的小云南移民的真伪及其来源作一粗浅分析。小云南移民主要分布在胶东一带。据刘德增考察,胶南县云南移民村落占总数的30.98%,胶州市云南移民村落达到22.42%,青岛市崂山区则高达48.42%。相对而言,山东半岛北部云南移民村落要少得多,比如牟平市只有7.18%,文登市占2.52%,比例最高的烟台市福山区,也不过22.03%。半岛内地的云南移民村落同样很少,如莱西市,只占到总数的4.5%。~①从这一分布状况来看,所谓小云南移民似与明朝在山东沿海的卫所分布有某种关联。
In the early Ming Dynasty, due to the heavy population loss in Shandong Province, the government organized a large number of people from other areas with large population to settle in Shandong and thus formed a multi-directional population flow in Shandong Peninsula. This article tries to make a superficial analysis on the authenticity and origin of the small-scale Yunnan immigrants distributed widely. Small Yunnan immigrants are mainly distributed in Jiaodong area. According to the investigation by Liu Dezeng, 30.98% of Yunnan’s immigrant villages in Jiaonan County, 22.42% of Yunnan’s immigrant villages in Jiaozhou City and 48.42% in Laoshan District of Qingdao City. Relatively speaking, there are far fewer immigrant villages in northern Shandong Peninsula, such as Muping only 7.18%, Wendeng 2.52%, the highest proportion of Fushan District of Yantai City, but also 22.03%. Similarly, the number of Yunnan immigrant villages on the peninsula is as small as Lacey, accounting for only 4.5% of the total. From the perspective of this distribution, the so-called small-scale Yunnan immigrants seem to be somewhat related to the Ming Dynasty’s distribution of the Wei-service in Shandong’s coastal areas.