大凡一个现代意义上的民族或社会,无可争辩地存在着两种文化:一种是由社会的上层人物及其知识界所代表的文化,通常被称为菁英(精致)文化(中国五四运动时期的民主主义思想家们把这种文化称之为“圣贤文化”);另一种是由社会下层成员所代表的、普遍见于社区的文化,通常被称为民间文化。这两种文化是有密切联系和相互交融的。但就其思想倾向来说,二者又存在着显著的差异,尤其是在经历了长期封建社会的中国,这种差异有时甚至表现为互相的排他性和对峙性。似乎社会愈 Almost a modern national or social, there are indisputably two cultures: one is represented by the upper class of society and its intellectuals culture, often referred to as elite (refined) culture (China five Democrat thinkers in the four movements called this culture “the sage culture.”) The other is a culture commonly found in the community represented by members of the lower classes, often referred to as folk culture. Both cultures are closely linked and intertwined. However, as far as their ideological tendencies are concerned, there are significant differences between them. Especially in China, which has experienced a long period of feudal society, such differences sometimes even appear as mutual exclusivity and antagonism. It seems society is more