果戈理是俄国著名的讽刺作家,也是俄国讽刺文学流派的主要开拓者和奠基人。果戈理出生在乌克兰的一个地主家庭,他在中学毕业后,便深受十二月俄国革命的影响,只身到了彼得堡。在彼得堡,他当过薪俸微薄的小公务员,生活过得非常拮据,充分体会到了小人物的悲哀,并且亲眼目睹了官僚们的贪赃枉法、荒淫无耻等。他于19世纪的三四十年代开始进行文学创作,当时俄国的经济和政治正处于重大变革的时期。那时候的俄国,资本主义的因素在不断滋生,资产阶级的力量也不断发展,出现了社会现实和封建制度的严重矛盾。同时,俄国当时的贵族革命已经结束,正开始平民革 Gogol is a famous Russian satirist and a pioneer and founder of Russian satirical genres. Gogol was born in Ukraine as a landowner family. After graduating from high school, he was influenced by the Russian revolution in December and went to Petersburg alone. In Petersburg, he worked as a small civil servant who had a small salary and lived a very tight life. He fully realized the sorrows of the minor and witnessed the corruption and bureaucratic abuses of the bureaucrats. He began his literary creation in the 1930s and 1940s when Russia’s economy and politics were undergoing major changes. At that time in Russia, the factors of capitalism were constantly breeding, and the power of the bourgeoisie continued to develop. There was a serious contradiction between social reality and the feudal system. At the same time, the then aristocratic revolution in Russia was over and the civilian revolution was beginning