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2007年高考生物《考试大纲》的能力要求第2条“实验与探究能力”的第3小点是“具有对一些生物学问题进行初步探究的能力,包括确认变量、作出假设和预期、设计可行的研究方案、处理和解释数据、根据数据作出合理的判断等”,可见发展科学探究能力的重要性。其中,确认变量是生物学实验设计和实验评价的基础,由于高考实验题的灵活性、开放性都很强,正确地确认和控制变量难度较大,同学们在学习过程中,往往会产生以下几个问题:如何理解自变量、因变量、无关变量等基本概念?怎样控制变量?如何做好实验设计和实验评价试题?下面笔者就从上述几个方面提出一些复习建议。
Requirements for the 2007 College Entrance Exam “Exam Outline” The third point of Article 2 “Experimental and Exploratory Abilities” is "the ability to conduct preliminary research on some biological problems, including identifying variables, making assumptions and expectations, and designing The research program, processing and interpretation of data, and making reasonable judgments based on data, etc., show the importance of developing scientific inquiry capabilities. Among them, the confirmation variable is the basis of biological experiment design and experimental evaluation. Because the flexibility and openness of the college entrance examination experiment are very strong, it is difficult to correctly identify and control variables, and the students often produce the following during the learning process. Several questions: how to understand the basic concepts of independent variables, dependent variables, and unrelated variables? How to control variables? How to do well with experimental design and experimental evaluation questions? The following author put forward some review suggestions from the above aspects.