代词、副词、介词、连词、助词和叹词等虚词,在古代汉语中占有重要的地位,正如刘淇在《助字辨略》序文中阐述的那样:“虚字一乖,判于燕越……一字之失,一句为之蹉跎;一句之误,通篇为之梗塞。”对于虚词,初学者非下苦功夫掌握不可。这不仅是因为文言文虚词使用得极为普遍,同时还因为文言文虚词的绝大多数不同于白话文,且用法复杂。 Pronouns, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliary words and interjections and other virtual words, in ancient Chinese occupy an important position, as Liu Qi in the “assistant word” in the preamble explained: “a virtual word, sentenced to Yan Yue ... ... the word lost, a sentence of 蹉 跎; a sentence of error, throughout the infarction. ” This is not only because the use of classical Chinese function words is extremely common, but also because the vast majority of classical Chinese words are different from vernacular, and the use of complex.