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目的了解准放射工作人员上岗前的微核率水平和分布特征。方法收集2013-2016年度上岗前职业健康检查的血中微核率样品共计1 329份,采用常规培养法检测,对检测结果进行统计分析。结果3.7%的人员其微核未检出;微核率≤5‰的人员占总人数的59.5%;微核率≤6‰的人员超过总人数的89.7%;属于观察对象微核率值>6‰的有136人,占总人数的10.2%。上岗前放射人员微核率范围为0~11‰(参考值为≤8‰),男女上岗前放射人员的微核率范围分别为0~9‰、0~11‰(参考值分别为≤7‰和≤9‰)。男女性别之间微核率无明显差异(P>0.05),不同年龄段间微核率存在明显的差异(P<0.05),且微核率随年龄的增加而增加,女性>40岁年龄组微核率明显高于其他年龄组。结论上岗前职业健康检查对保障职工及用人单位的合法利益有重要意义。
Objective To understand the level and distribution of micronucleus rate before quasi-radiation workers take up employment. Methods A total of 1 329 samples of blood micronucleus rate in occupational health checkup before 2013-2016 were collected and tested by routine culture method. Statistical analysis was made on the test results. The results of 3.7% of its staff was not detected micronuclei; micronucleus rate of ≤ 5 ‰ 59.5% of the total number of personnel; micronucleus rate of ≤ 6 ‰ more than 89.7% of the total number of persons; 6 ‰ of 136 people, accounting for 10.2% of the total number. The micronucleus rate of pre-job radiographers ranged from 0 to 11 ‰ (reference value ≤8 ‰). The pre-job radiosurvivors’ micronucleus rates ranged from 0 to 9 ‰ and from 0 to 11 ‰ (reference values were ≤7 ‰ and ≤9 ‰). There was no significant difference in the micronucleus rate between male and female (P> 0.05). There was significant difference in micronucleus rate between different age groups (P <0.05), and the micronucleus rate increased with age, but the female> 40 years old The micronucleus rate was significantly higher than other age groups. Conclusion Pre-job occupational health examination is of great significance to protect the legitimate interests of workers and employers.